Q.1 Which of the following is the most common type of renal stone?
Calcium oxalate
Uric acid
Struvite
Cystine
Explanation - Calcium oxalate stones are the most common renal stones, accounting for about 70–80% of cases. They form due to supersaturation of urine with calcium and oxalate.
Correct answer is: Calcium oxalate
Q.2 Which nerve is most at risk of injury during radical prostatectomy?
Obturator nerve
Pudendal nerve
Cavernous nerves
Femoral nerve
Explanation - The cavernous nerves, responsible for erectile function, are at high risk during prostatectomy because they lie close to the prostatic capsule.
Correct answer is: Cavernous nerves
Q.3 What is the gold standard investigation for diagnosing vesicoureteric reflux?
Ultrasound
CT urogram
Voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG)
MRI
Explanation - VCUG is the gold standard investigation for diagnosing vesicoureteric reflux, as it visualizes urine reflux from the bladder into the ureter.
Correct answer is: Voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG)
Q.4 Which condition is associated with painless hematuria in an elderly male?
Renal stone
Bladder cancer
Acute prostatitis
Urethritis
Explanation - Painless hematuria is a classical presentation of bladder cancer and warrants prompt cystoscopic evaluation.
Correct answer is: Bladder cancer
Q.5 The most common site of testicular tumor metastasis is:
Liver
Brain
Lung
Retroperitoneal lymph nodes
Explanation - Testicular tumors first metastasize to the retroperitoneal (para-aortic) lymph nodes due to lymphatic drainage patterns.
Correct answer is: Retroperitoneal lymph nodes
Q.6 Which imaging is most sensitive for detecting small renal masses?
Ultrasound
MRI
CT scan
Plain X-ray
Explanation - CT scan is the most sensitive and specific modality for small renal masses, offering high-resolution imaging of renal anatomy.
Correct answer is: CT scan
Q.7 What is the initial management of acute urinary retention?
Cystoscopy
Open surgery
Urethral catheterization
Nephrostomy
Explanation - The immediate step in managing acute urinary retention is urethral catheterization to relieve the bladder distension.
Correct answer is: Urethral catheterization
Q.8 Which of the following is a contraindication for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)?
Pregnancy
Renal stone <2cm
Ureteric stone
Bilateral stones
Explanation - Pregnancy is a contraindication for ESWL due to potential harm to the fetus from shock waves.
Correct answer is: Pregnancy
Q.9 Which type of hydrocele is most common in adults?
Congenital hydrocele
Infantile hydrocele
Secondary hydrocele
Encysted hydrocele of the cord
Explanation - In adults, hydroceles are usually secondary, often due to trauma, infection, or tumors.
Correct answer is: Secondary hydrocele
Q.10 The surgical procedure 'Orchidopexy' is performed for:
Hydrocele
Cryptorchidism
Varicocele
Testicular torsion
Explanation - Orchidopexy is the surgical fixation of an undescended testis into the scrotum, performed for cryptorchidism.
Correct answer is: Cryptorchidism
Q.11 Which of the following is a feature of nephroblastoma (Wilms’ tumor)?
Usually bilateral
Associated with hemihypertrophy
Occurs in adults
Arises from adrenal gland
Explanation - Wilms’ tumor is associated with congenital anomalies such as hemihypertrophy and aniridia.
Correct answer is: Associated with hemihypertrophy
Q.12 What is the most common cause of testicular torsion?
Bell clapper deformity
Trauma
Cryptorchidism
Tumor
Explanation - Bell clapper deformity predisposes the testis to rotate within the tunica vaginalis, leading to torsion.
Correct answer is: Bell clapper deformity
Q.13 Which drug is first-line for medical management of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?
Beta-blocker
Alpha-blocker
Loop diuretic
ACE inhibitor
Explanation - Alpha-blockers such as tamsulosin relax smooth muscle in the prostate and bladder neck, improving urine flow in BPH.
Correct answer is: Alpha-blocker
Q.14 Which urethral stricture management option has the lowest recurrence rate?
Dilatation
Internal urethrotomy
Urethroplasty
Catheterization
Explanation - Urethroplasty offers the lowest recurrence rate compared to other methods of stricture treatment.
Correct answer is: Urethroplasty
Q.15 The 'bell clapper deformity' predisposes to:
Hydrocele
Varicocele
Testicular torsion
Epididymitis
Explanation - Bell clapper deformity allows free rotation of the testis within the tunica vaginalis, causing torsion.
Correct answer is: Testicular torsion
Q.16 Which of the following is a complication of untreated phimosis?
Paraphimosis
Varicocele
Hydrocele
Cryptorchidism
Explanation - If phimosis is forcibly retracted, it can lead to paraphimosis, where the foreskin becomes trapped behind the glans.
Correct answer is: Paraphimosis
Q.17 What is the most common cause of epididymitis in young men?
E. coli
Chlamydia trachomatis
Pseudomonas
Proteus
Explanation - In sexually active young men, epididymitis is commonly due to sexually transmitted organisms such as Chlamydia trachomatis.
Correct answer is: Chlamydia trachomatis
Q.18 The gold standard investigation for diagnosis of prostate cancer is:
PSA test
Digital rectal exam
MRI
Transrectal biopsy
Explanation - While PSA and MRI are helpful, histological confirmation via transrectal biopsy remains the gold standard.
Correct answer is: Transrectal biopsy
Q.19 Which condition presents with 'bag of worms' feeling in the scrotum?
Hydrocele
Varicocele
Spermatocele
Epididymal cyst
Explanation - Varicocele presents as dilated pampiniform plexus veins, felt as a 'bag of worms' on palpation.
Correct answer is: Varicocele
Q.20 What is the initial management of priapism?
Orchiectomy
Needle aspiration
Antibiotics
Cystoscopy
Explanation - Initial management of ischemic priapism involves aspiration of blood from the corpora cavernosa, often followed by injection of sympathomimetic agents.
Correct answer is: Needle aspiration
Q.21 Which renal tumor is associated with tuberous sclerosis?
Renal cell carcinoma
Oncocytoma
Angiomyolipoma
Wilms’ tumor
Explanation - Angiomyolipomas are benign tumors commonly associated with tuberous sclerosis.
Correct answer is: Angiomyolipoma
Q.22 Which urinary diversion procedure involves using a segment of ileum?
Ileal conduit
Orthotopic neobladder
Cutaneous ureterostomy
Suprapubic cystostomy
Explanation - An ileal conduit uses a segment of ileum to divert urine from the ureters to a stoma on the abdominal wall.
Correct answer is: Ileal conduit
Q.23 Which imaging is preferred for diagnosing testicular torsion?
CT scan
MRI
Doppler ultrasound
X-ray
Explanation - Color Doppler ultrasound is preferred for evaluating testicular torsion as it shows blood flow to the testes.
Correct answer is: Doppler ultrasound
Q.24 What is the most common complication of transurethral resection of prostate (TURP)?
Urinary incontinence
Retrograde ejaculation
Urethral injury
Septicemia
Explanation - Retrograde ejaculation is the most common complication following TURP due to disruption of the bladder neck mechanism.
Correct answer is: Retrograde ejaculation
Q.25 What is the most common cause of obstructive uropathy in children?
Posterior urethral valves
Renal stone
Vesicoureteral reflux
Ureterocele
Explanation - Posterior urethral valves are the most common cause of lower urinary tract obstruction in male infants.
Correct answer is: Posterior urethral valves