Q.1 Which flap is commonly used for coverage of a thumb defect?
Radial forearm flap
Latissimus dorsi flap
Gracilis flap
Rectus abdominis flap
Explanation - The radial forearm flap is commonly used in plastic surgery for thumb and hand reconstruction due to its thin, pliable skin and reliable blood supply.
Correct answer is: Radial forearm flap
Q.2 What is the main purpose of a skin graft?
To provide sensation
To provide vascularity
To cover a wound
To restore muscle function
Explanation - Skin grafts primarily provide wound coverage by transferring skin to a defect area, though they do not restore sensation or muscle function.
Correct answer is: To cover a wound
Q.3 A split-thickness skin graft includes:
Epidermis only
Epidermis and part of dermis
Full dermis and epidermis
Dermis only
Explanation - Split-thickness skin grafts include the epidermis and part of the dermis, making them thinner and more versatile for larger wound coverage.
Correct answer is: Epidermis and part of dermis
Q.4 The most important factor for skin graft survival is:
Recipient site vascularity
Donor site health
Thickness of graft
Suture technique
Explanation - Adequate vascularity at the recipient site ensures oxygen and nutrient delivery, which is critical for graft survival.
Correct answer is: Recipient site vascularity
Q.5 Cleft lip most commonly occurs on which side?
Right
Left
Bilateral
Midline
Explanation - Cleft lip is more commonly unilateral, with the left side being affected more frequently than the right.
Correct answer is: Left
Q.6 The most commonly used classification system for cleft lip and palate is:
Millard classification
Veau classification
House-Brackmann classification
Brodsky classification
Explanation - The Veau classification is widely used to describe cleft lip and palate anomalies, categorizing them into four types.
Correct answer is: Veau classification
Q.7 What is the best timing for primary cleft lip repair?
At birth
3 months of age
1 year of age
After 5 years of age
Explanation - Cleft lip repair is generally performed around 3 months of age following the ‘Rule of 10s’: 10 weeks, 10 pounds, 10 g/dL hemoglobin.
Correct answer is: 3 months of age
Q.8 Which muscle is primarily repaired in cleft palate surgery?
Masseter
Orbicularis oris
Levator veli palatini
Temporalis
Explanation - The levator veli palatini muscle is repositioned in cleft palate repair to restore normal speech and swallowing function.
Correct answer is: Levator veli palatini
Q.9 Which local flap is commonly used for small facial defects?
Z-plasty
Abbe flap
Free fibula flap
TRAM flap
Explanation - Z-plasty is a local transposition flap technique used to lengthen a scar, break contracture lines, and improve facial aesthetics.
Correct answer is: Z-plasty
Q.10 A TRAM flap uses tissue from which site?
Back
Abdomen
Leg
Arm
Explanation - The TRAM (Transverse Rectus Abdominis Myocutaneous) flap uses lower abdominal skin and muscle for breast reconstruction.
Correct answer is: Abdomen
Q.11 In microvascular free flap surgery, the vessels are connected using:
End-to-end anastomosis
Side-to-side anastomosis
Bypass graft
Staples
Explanation - Microvascular free flaps are revascularized by end-to-end anastomosis between flap vessels and recipient site vessels.
Correct answer is: End-to-end anastomosis
Q.12 What is the primary indication for free fibula flap?
Facial burns
Mandibular reconstruction
Cleft palate repair
Breast reconstruction
Explanation - The free fibula flap provides strong bone and reliable vascularity, making it ideal for mandibular reconstruction.
Correct answer is: Mandibular reconstruction
Q.13 Keloids differ from hypertrophic scars in that:
They stay within wound borders
They regress spontaneously
They extend beyond wound borders
They occur only in children
Explanation - Keloids extend beyond the original wound margins, whereas hypertrophic scars remain confined within the wound area.
Correct answer is: They extend beyond wound borders
Q.14 Which vitamin is most important for collagen synthesis in wound healing?
Vitamin A
Vitamin B12
Vitamin C
Vitamin D
Explanation - Vitamin C is crucial for collagen synthesis and cross-linking, directly affecting wound healing.
Correct answer is: Vitamin C
Q.15 The most common site for pressure ulcers is:
Heel
Elbow
Sacrum
Occiput
Explanation - The sacrum is the most common site for pressure ulcers due to prolonged pressure and immobility in bedridden patients.
Correct answer is: Sacrum
Q.16 Which flap technique is used to release a contracture?
V-Y plasty
Z-plasty
Cross-leg flap
Free fibula flap
Explanation - Z-plasty is widely used to release linear contractures and redirect scars for better functional and cosmetic outcomes.
Correct answer is: Z-plasty
Q.17 Which artery supplies the latissimus dorsi flap?
Radial artery
Thoracodorsal artery
Deep inferior epigastric artery
Internal mammary artery
Explanation - The latissimus dorsi flap is supplied by the thoracodorsal artery, which provides reliable vascularity.
Correct answer is: Thoracodorsal artery
Q.18 The DIEP flap spares which muscle?
Rectus abdominis
Latissimus dorsi
Pectoralis major
Serratus anterior
Explanation - The DIEP (Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator) flap spares the rectus abdominis muscle, using only skin and fat for breast reconstruction.
Correct answer is: Rectus abdominis
Q.19 Which burn depth is characterized by blister formation?
Superficial burn
Superficial partial thickness burn
Deep partial thickness burn
Full thickness burn
Explanation - Blister formation is a hallmark of superficial partial thickness burns, which affect the epidermis and upper dermis.
Correct answer is: Superficial partial thickness burn
Q.20 Escharotomy is primarily done to:
Debride dead tissue
Improve wound healing
Relieve circulatory compromise
Reduce pain
Explanation - Escharotomy is performed to release constricting eschar in full-thickness burns, preventing ischemia and compartment syndrome.
Correct answer is: Relieve circulatory compromise
Q.21 In burns, the Parkland formula is used to calculate:
Caloric needs
Fluid requirements
Protein intake
Pain medication
Explanation - The Parkland formula is used to estimate fluid requirements in the first 24 hours after major burns.
Correct answer is: Fluid requirements
Q.22 Which agent is commonly used for topical burn wound management?
Silver sulfadiazine
Betadine
Hydrogen peroxide
Mupirocin
Explanation - Silver sulfadiazine is widely used as a topical antimicrobial agent in burn wound management.
Correct answer is: Silver sulfadiazine
Q.23 The most common cause of death in burn patients is:
Sepsis
Pain shock
Electrolyte imbalance
Hypothermia
Explanation - Sepsis due to wound infection remains the most common cause of mortality in burn patients.
Correct answer is: Sepsis
Q.24 What is the rule of nines used for in burn patients?
Estimating wound depth
Estimating body surface area burned
Estimating prognosis
Estimating pain
Explanation - The rule of nines provides a rapid method for estimating the percentage of total body surface area burned.
Correct answer is: Estimating body surface area burned
Q.25 The first step in managing a patient with facial burns and inhalation injury is:
Oxygen supplementation
Airway management
IV fluids
Pain relief
Explanation - Airway compromise is the most urgent risk in inhalation injury, so airway management takes priority.
Correct answer is: Airway management