Q.1 Which of the following is the main advantage of minimally invasive surgery compared to open surgery?
Reduced postoperative pain
Increased hospital stay
Larger incision
Higher blood loss
Explanation - Minimally invasive surgery uses small incisions and specialized instruments, which results in less pain, quicker recovery, and shorter hospital stays compared to open surgery.
Correct answer is: Reduced postoperative pain
Q.2 Which gas is most commonly used for insufflation in laparoscopic surgery?
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Nitrogen
Helium
Explanation - Carbon dioxide is the gas of choice for insufflation as it is non-flammable, readily absorbed, and easily exhaled by the patient.
Correct answer is: Carbon dioxide
Q.3 What is the term for the small camera used in minimally invasive surgery?
Endoscope
Microscope
Laparoscope
Telescope
Explanation - A laparoscope is a thin, lighted tube with a camera used to view internal organs during minimally invasive procedures.
Correct answer is: Laparoscope
Q.4 Which of the following is a complication specific to laparoscopic surgery?
Incisional hernia
Trocar injury
Wound infection
Pulmonary embolism
Explanation - Trocar injury is a risk unique to laparoscopic surgery due to the insertion of sharp ports into the abdominal cavity.
Correct answer is: Trocar injury
Q.5 Which minimally invasive technique is commonly used for gallbladder removal?
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Thoracoscopic lobectomy
Endoscopic mucosal resection
Arthroscopy
Explanation - Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the standard minimally invasive procedure for gallbladder removal.
Correct answer is: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Q.6 In robotic-assisted surgery, which system is most widely used globally?
CyberKnife
da Vinci system
Gamma Knife
Zeiss OPMI
Explanation - The da Vinci surgical system is the most widely used robotic platform for minimally invasive surgeries worldwide.
Correct answer is: da Vinci system
Q.7 Which of the following is NOT an advantage of minimally invasive surgery?
Reduced scarring
Shorter hospital stay
Lower cost of equipment
Faster recovery
Explanation - Minimally invasive surgery involves expensive equipment, but offers benefits such as reduced scarring and quicker recovery.
Correct answer is: Lower cost of equipment
Q.8 Which position is commonly used in laparoscopic pelvic surgery?
Supine
Prone
Trendelenburg
Lateral decubitus
Explanation - The Trendelenburg position improves visualization of pelvic structures by shifting abdominal contents upward.
Correct answer is: Trendelenburg
Q.9 What is the role of trocars in minimally invasive surgery?
Drain fluids
Provide instrument access
Deliver anesthesia
Suture tissues
Explanation - Trocars are ports inserted into the abdomen to allow passage of laparoscopic instruments.
Correct answer is: Provide instrument access
Q.10 What is the main risk associated with CO2 insufflation?
Hypercapnia
Hypoglycemia
Hypokalemia
Hyponatremia
Explanation - Absorption of CO2 during insufflation may lead to elevated CO2 levels in the blood, causing hypercapnia.
Correct answer is: Hypercapnia
Q.11 Which of the following is a common minimally invasive approach for appendectomy?
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
Thoracoscopic appendectomy
Laparoscopic appendectomy
Robotic nephrectomy
Explanation - Laparoscopic appendectomy is the standard minimally invasive method for appendicitis treatment.
Correct answer is: Laparoscopic appendectomy
Q.12 What is the purpose of using insufflators in laparoscopic surgery?
To deliver anesthesia
To create pneumoperitoneum
To sterilize instruments
To suction fluids
Explanation - Insufflators introduce CO2 gas to create pneumoperitoneum, providing working space for laparoscopic surgery.
Correct answer is: To create pneumoperitoneum
Q.13 Which minimally invasive technique is used for joint surgeries?
Endoscopy
Arthroscopy
Thoracoscopy
Colonoscopy
Explanation - Arthroscopy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure used for diagnosing and treating joint problems.
Correct answer is: Arthroscopy
Q.14 Which of the following is a disadvantage of robotic surgery?
3D visualization
Enhanced precision
High cost
Reduced tremor
Explanation - Despite its benefits, robotic surgery is limited by the very high cost of equipment and maintenance.
Correct answer is: High cost
Q.15 What is the average size of a laparoscopic incision?
1–2 cm
5–6 cm
10–12 cm
15 cm
Explanation - Laparoscopic incisions are small, typically around 1–2 cm, compared to larger open surgery incisions.
Correct answer is: 1–2 cm
Q.16 Which energy source is commonly used for tissue dissection in laparoscopic surgery?
Cryotherapy
Electrocautery
Ultrasound
Laser
Explanation - Electrocautery is widely used for dissection and hemostasis in laparoscopic surgery.
Correct answer is: Electrocautery
Q.17 Which minimally invasive technique is used to examine the thoracic cavity?
Laparoscopy
Thoracoscopy
Arthroscopy
Endoscopy
Explanation - Thoracoscopy is a minimally invasive procedure that allows visualization and intervention within the thoracic cavity.
Correct answer is: Thoracoscopy
Q.18 What is the most common cause of conversion from laparoscopic to open surgery?
Surgeon preference
Unexpected bleeding
Anesthesia failure
Patient refusal
Explanation - Uncontrolled intraoperative bleeding is a major reason to convert minimally invasive surgery to open surgery.
Correct answer is: Unexpected bleeding
Q.19 Which imaging technique is most often used to guide minimally invasive procedures?
Ultrasound
X-ray
MRI
PET scan
Explanation - Ultrasound is frequently used intraoperatively to guide minimally invasive interventions such as biopsies and drainages.
Correct answer is: Ultrasound
Q.20 What is the typical recovery time after laparoscopic cholecystectomy compared to open surgery?
Same
Shorter
Longer
No difference
Explanation - Laparoscopic cholecystectomy allows patients to recover faster with shorter hospital stays compared to open surgery.
Correct answer is: Shorter
Q.21 What is the role of a Veress needle in laparoscopic surgery?
To suture tissue
To create pneumoperitoneum
To remove organs
To deliver medication
Explanation - The Veress needle is used to insufflate the abdomen with CO2 to create pneumoperitoneum before trocar insertion.
Correct answer is: To create pneumoperitoneum
Q.22 Which minimally invasive procedure is commonly performed for bariatric surgery?
Laparoscopic gastric bypass
Thoracoscopic lobectomy
Endoscopic sphincterotomy
Arthroscopic meniscectomy
Explanation - Laparoscopic gastric bypass is a standard minimally invasive approach for obesity surgery.
Correct answer is: Laparoscopic gastric bypass
Q.23 Which organ is removed in a laparoscopic nephrectomy?
Gallbladder
Kidney
Appendix
Lung
Explanation - Laparoscopic nephrectomy is the minimally invasive removal of a kidney.
Correct answer is: Kidney
Q.24 Which of the following provides better depth perception during minimally invasive surgery?
2D camera system
3D camera system
Infrared camera
Ultrasound imaging
Explanation - 3D camera systems provide superior depth perception, aiding precision in minimally invasive surgeries.
Correct answer is: 3D camera system
Q.25 Which complication is most associated with laparoscopic port site?
Pneumothorax
Port-site hernia
Stroke
Pulmonary edema
Explanation - One potential complication of trocar insertion in laparoscopy is port-site hernia formation.
Correct answer is: Port-site hernia