Q.1 Which of the following is the most common cause of acute appendicitis?
Fecalith obstruction
Viral infection
Gallstones
Peptic ulcer
Explanation - Acute appendicitis most commonly results from obstruction of the appendiceal lumen by a fecalith, leading to bacterial overgrowth and inflammation.
Correct answer is: Fecalith obstruction
Q.2 In cases of perforated peptic ulcer, the classic finding on erect chest X-ray is:
Air under diaphragm
Ground-glass opacity
Pleural effusion
Pneumothorax
Explanation - Perforated peptic ulcer allows air to escape into the peritoneal cavity, which can be seen as free air under the diaphragm in an erect chest X-ray.
Correct answer is: Air under diaphragm
Q.3 Which hernia has the highest risk of strangulation?
Indirect inguinal hernia
Femoral hernia
Direct inguinal hernia
Umbilical hernia
Explanation - Femoral hernias pass through a narrow rigid ring, predisposing them to strangulation more than other hernias.
Correct answer is: Femoral hernia
Q.4 Courvoisier’s law is associated with which condition?
Gallstones with jaundice
Carcinoma head of pancreas
Acute cholecystitis
Choledocholithiasis
Explanation - Courvoisier’s law states that in the presence of a palpable, non-tender gallbladder with jaundice, the cause is unlikely to be gallstones, more often a malignancy like carcinoma of the pancreas.
Correct answer is: Carcinoma head of pancreas
Q.5 Which is the first line investigation for gallstones?
Ultrasound abdomen
CT scan
ERCP
MRI
Explanation - Ultrasound is the first line, non-invasive, highly sensitive investigation for gallstones.
Correct answer is: Ultrasound abdomen
Q.6 The most common site of carcinoma of the stomach is:
Antrum
Fundus
Body
Cardia
Explanation - Gastric carcinoma most commonly occurs in the antral region of the stomach.
Correct answer is: Antrum
Q.7 A patient with suspected intestinal obstruction shows multiple air-fluid levels on X-ray. The most likely diagnosis is:
Small bowel obstruction
Peptic ulcer disease
Cholecystitis
Gastric carcinoma
Explanation - Multiple air-fluid levels on erect abdominal X-ray is a classic feature of small bowel obstruction.
Correct answer is: Small bowel obstruction
Q.8 The most common type of thyroid carcinoma is:
Papillary carcinoma
Follicular carcinoma
Medullary carcinoma
Anaplastic carcinoma
Explanation - Papillary carcinoma accounts for about 80% of all thyroid malignancies and has a good prognosis.
Correct answer is: Papillary carcinoma
Q.9 Which condition is associated with a 'bird beak' appearance on barium swallow?
Achalasia cardia
Esophageal varices
Esophageal carcinoma
Peptic stricture
Explanation - Achalasia cardia presents with tapering of the lower esophagus on barium swallow, described as a 'bird beak' appearance.
Correct answer is: Achalasia cardia
Q.10 What is the most common site of breast carcinoma?
Upper outer quadrant
Upper inner quadrant
Lower outer quadrant
Lower inner quadrant
Explanation - The upper outer quadrant is the most common site for breast carcinoma due to a higher density of glandular tissue.
Correct answer is: Upper outer quadrant
Q.11 Which of the following is a risk factor for colorectal carcinoma?
Ulcerative colitis
Gallstones
Hiatus hernia
Pancreatitis
Explanation - Long-standing ulcerative colitis increases the risk of colorectal carcinoma.
Correct answer is: Ulcerative colitis
Q.12 The most common cause of acute intestinal obstruction in adults is:
Adhesions
Hernias
Volvulus
Intussusception
Explanation - Postoperative adhesions are the most common cause of acute intestinal obstruction in adults.
Correct answer is: Adhesions
Q.13 Murphy’s sign is used in the diagnosis of:
Cholecystitis
Appendicitis
Pancreatitis
Peptic ulcer
Explanation - Murphy’s sign, elicited by palpating the right upper quadrant during inspiration, is positive in acute cholecystitis.
Correct answer is: Cholecystitis
Q.14 The Whipple’s procedure is performed for:
Carcinoma head of pancreas
Chronic pancreatitis
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Gallstones
Explanation - The Whipple’s procedure (pancreaticoduodenectomy) is done for carcinoma of the head of the pancreas.
Correct answer is: Carcinoma head of pancreas
Q.15 Which of the following is a common complication of thyroid surgery?
Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury
Facial nerve palsy
Hypoglossal nerve palsy
Accessory nerve injury
Explanation - Injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve during thyroid surgery can cause hoarseness of voice.
Correct answer is: Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury
Q.16 Which is the most common site for diverticulosis in the colon?
Sigmoid colon
Cecum
Transverse colon
Ascending colon
Explanation - Diverticulosis is most common in the sigmoid colon due to high intraluminal pressures.
Correct answer is: Sigmoid colon
Q.17 What is the most common type of esophageal carcinoma worldwide?
Squamous cell carcinoma
Adenocarcinoma
Small cell carcinoma
Lymphoma
Explanation - Globally, squamous cell carcinoma is more common, though adenocarcinoma is rising in Western countries.
Correct answer is: Squamous cell carcinoma
Q.18 Which of the following is not a component of the triple assessment for breast lump?
Clinical examination
Mammography/Ultrasound
FNAC
CT scan
Explanation - Triple assessment includes clinical examination, imaging (mammography/ultrasound), and tissue diagnosis (FNAC/biopsy). CT scan is not part of it.
Correct answer is: CT scan
Q.19 The classical presentation of intussusception in children is:
Red currant jelly stools
Projectile vomiting
Bilious vomiting
Constipation
Explanation - Intussusception typically presents with red currant jelly stools due to mucosal bleeding and sloughing.
Correct answer is: Red currant jelly stools
Q.20 Which artery is most commonly injured in stab wounds to the posterior triangle of the neck?
Subclavian artery
External carotid artery
Internal carotid artery
Vertebral artery
Explanation - The subclavian artery is most vulnerable in posterior triangle injuries due to its anatomical location.
Correct answer is: Subclavian artery
Q.21 Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is most useful in:
Colorectal carcinoma monitoring
Breast cancer diagnosis
Thyroid carcinoma screening
Hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis
Explanation - CEA is mainly used as a tumor marker for monitoring treatment and recurrence in colorectal carcinoma.
Correct answer is: Colorectal carcinoma monitoring
Q.22 Sister Mary Joseph nodule is a sign of:
Metastatic intra-abdominal carcinoma
Breast cancer
Thyroid cancer
Pancreatitis
Explanation - A Sister Mary Joseph nodule is a metastatic deposit in the umbilicus, usually from gastric or ovarian carcinoma.
Correct answer is: Metastatic intra-abdominal carcinoma
Q.23 Which of the following is the initial management of tension pneumothorax?
Needle decompression
Chest X-ray
Endotracheal intubation
Chest physiotherapy
Explanation - Tension pneumothorax is a life-threatening emergency requiring immediate needle decompression followed by chest tube insertion.
Correct answer is: Needle decompression
Q.24 Meckel’s diverticulum is a remnant of:
Vitellointestinal duct
Urachus
Müllerian duct
Wolffian duct
Explanation - Meckel’s diverticulum is a congenital anomaly resulting from persistence of the vitellointestinal duct.
Correct answer is: Vitellointestinal duct
Q.25 Which type of ulcer is associated with burns?
Curling’s ulcer
Cushing’s ulcer
Trophic ulcer
Venous ulcer
Explanation - Curling’s ulcer is an acute gastric ulcer seen in severely burned patients due to stress and hypoperfusion.
Correct answer is: Curling’s ulcer