Q.1 Which of the following is the hallmark symptom of narcolepsy?
Sleepwalking
Cataplexy
Insomnia
Night terrors
Explanation - Narcolepsy is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy, which is a sudden loss of muscle tone triggered by emotions.
Correct answer is: Cataplexy
Q.2 Obstructive sleep apnea is most commonly caused by:
Nasal congestion
Collapse of upper airway muscles during sleep
Excess melatonin secretion
Hyperactivity of the reticular activating system
Explanation - Obstructive sleep apnea results from relaxation and collapse of upper airway muscles, causing intermittent breathing cessation.
Correct answer is: Collapse of upper airway muscles during sleep
Q.3 Which neurotransmitter is primarily involved in the regulation of sleep-wake cycles?
Dopamine
Serotonin
Glutamate
GABA
Explanation - Serotonin plays a crucial role in regulating sleep onset and transitions between sleep stages.
Correct answer is: Serotonin
Q.4 The main diagnostic tool for sleep disorders is:
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
Polysomnography
Functional MRI
Explanation - Polysomnography is the gold standard for diagnosing sleep disorders, recording brain activity, heart rate, breathing, and movement.
Correct answer is: Polysomnography
Q.5 Which of the following is considered a parasomnia?
Insomnia
Sleepwalking
Narcolepsy
Hypersomnia
Explanation - Parasomnias include abnormal movements or behaviors during sleep, such as sleepwalking and night terrors.
Correct answer is: Sleepwalking
Q.6 Which hormone is most closely linked to circadian rhythm regulation?
Cortisol
Melatonin
Adrenaline
Serotonin
Explanation - Melatonin, secreted by the pineal gland, regulates circadian rhythms and signals the body when it's time to sleep.
Correct answer is: Melatonin
Q.7 Delayed sleep phase disorder is commonly seen in:
Shift workers
Elderly individuals
Adolescents
Children under 5
Explanation - Adolescents often have delayed sleep phase disorder, where they fall asleep and wake up later than usual.
Correct answer is: Adolescents
Q.8 Which treatment is first-line for moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea?
Sedative medications
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP)
Oxygen therapy
Weightlifting
Explanation - CPAP is the standard treatment for obstructive sleep apnea, keeping the airway open during sleep.
Correct answer is: Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP)
Q.9 Restless legs syndrome is often relieved by:
Movement
Sedation
Caffeine
Alcohol
Explanation - Restless legs syndrome is characterized by an urge to move the legs, with relief upon movement.
Correct answer is: Movement
Q.10 Which of the following is a common feature of REM sleep behavior disorder?
Lack of REM sleep
Vivid dream enactment
Sleep paralysis
Excessive snoring
Explanation - REM sleep behavior disorder is marked by loss of muscle atonia, leading to acting out dreams.
Correct answer is: Vivid dream enactment
Q.11 Insomnia disorder must be present for at least how long to be diagnosed?
2 weeks
1 month
3 months
6 months
Explanation - For insomnia disorder diagnosis, symptoms must persist for at least 3 months despite adequate opportunity for sleep.
Correct answer is: 3 months
Q.12 Which of the following is a risk factor for sleepwalking?
Obesity
Fever
Asthma
Diabetes
Explanation - Sleepwalking can be triggered by factors like fever, stress, or sleep deprivation, especially in children.
Correct answer is: Fever
Q.13 Sleep terrors typically occur during which stage of sleep?
NREM stage 3 (deep sleep)
REM sleep
NREM stage 1
NREM stage 2
Explanation - Sleep terrors occur during slow-wave sleep (stage 3 NREM), often in the first third of the night.
Correct answer is: NREM stage 3 (deep sleep)
Q.14 Which of the following is NOT classified as a sleep-wake disorder?
Narcolepsy
Insomnia
Epilepsy
Sleep apnea
Explanation - Epilepsy is a neurological disorder, not a primary sleep-wake disorder.
Correct answer is: Epilepsy
Q.15 Which lifestyle modification is helpful in managing chronic insomnia?
Avoiding daytime naps
Using alcohol to fall asleep
Consuming caffeine late at night
Staying in bed longer during the day
Explanation - Avoiding naps and maintaining sleep hygiene are important for managing insomnia.
Correct answer is: Avoiding daytime naps
Q.16 Which disorder is associated with misalignment between the body’s circadian rhythm and environmental light-dark cycle?
Restless legs syndrome
Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder
Insomnia
Sleep apnea
Explanation - Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders result from misalignment of internal biological rhythms with external demands.
Correct answer is: Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder
Q.17 What is the primary symptom of hypersomnolence disorder?
Difficulty falling asleep
Excessive daytime sleepiness
Nightmares
Restless legs
Explanation - Hypersomnolence disorder is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness despite adequate nighttime sleep.
Correct answer is: Excessive daytime sleepiness
Q.18 Which of the following is a common side effect of CPAP therapy?
Dry nose and mouth
Weight gain
Excessive sweating
Hair loss
Explanation - CPAP may cause dryness of the nose and mouth due to continuous airflow.
Correct answer is: Dry nose and mouth
Q.19 Which sleep stage is most associated with vivid dreaming?
Stage 1 NREM
Stage 2 NREM
Stage 3 NREM
REM sleep
Explanation - REM sleep is characterized by vivid dreaming and rapid eye movements.
Correct answer is: REM sleep
Q.20 What is the primary treatment for REM sleep behavior disorder?
Clonazepam
CPAP
Melatonin
Antidepressants
Explanation - Clonazepam is the first-line treatment for REM sleep behavior disorder, reducing dream enactment.
Correct answer is: Clonazepam
Q.21 Which condition involves recurrent episodes of abrupt awakening with intense fear, usually without dream recall?
Nightmare disorder
Sleep terrors
Insomnia
Narcolepsy
Explanation - Sleep terrors involve sudden arousals from deep sleep with fear and autonomic activation, usually without memory.
Correct answer is: Sleep terrors
Q.22 Which of the following is a common trigger for restless legs syndrome?
Iron deficiency
Hyperthyroidism
Caffeine withdrawal
Asthma
Explanation - Iron deficiency is strongly associated with restless legs syndrome due to its role in dopamine metabolism.
Correct answer is: Iron deficiency
Q.23 What is the main diagnostic feature of nightmare disorder?
Dream enactment
Recurrent distressing dreams with recall
Sleepwalking
Daytime sleepiness
Explanation - Nightmare disorder involves vivid, distressing dreams that are well recalled upon awakening.
Correct answer is: Recurrent distressing dreams with recall
Q.24 Which of the following sleep disorders is most commonly associated with obesity?
Insomnia
Obstructive sleep apnea
Narcolepsy
Sleepwalking
Explanation - Obesity is a major risk factor for obstructive sleep apnea due to fat deposition around the airway.
Correct answer is: Obstructive sleep apnea
Q.25 Sleep paralysis occurs most commonly at:
Sleep onset and awakening
During deep sleep
During stage 2 sleep
Only in children
Explanation - Sleep paralysis typically occurs when falling asleep or upon awakening, when muscle atonia persists into wakefulness.
Correct answer is: Sleep onset and awakening