Q.1 Which vaccine is given at birth in most national immunization schedules?
BCG
MMR
Hepatitis A
Typhoid
Explanation - BCG vaccine is given at birth to protect against severe forms of tuberculosis.
Correct answer is: BCG
Q.2 What type of vaccine is the oral polio vaccine (OPV)?
Killed vaccine
Live attenuated vaccine
Subunit vaccine
Toxoid vaccine
Explanation - OPV contains live attenuated poliovirus strains to induce mucosal and systemic immunity.
Correct answer is: Live attenuated vaccine
Q.3 The MMR vaccine protects against which three diseases?
Measles, Mumps, Rubella
Mumps, Malaria, Rabies
Measles, Meningitis, Rubella
Measles, Mumps, Rotavirus
Explanation - MMR stands for Measles, Mumps, and Rubella.
Correct answer is: Measles, Mumps, Rubella
Q.4 Which of the following is a conjugate vaccine?
Hib vaccine
BCG
OPV
Yellow fever vaccine
Explanation - Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine is a conjugate vaccine combining polysaccharide with protein carrier for stronger immunity.
Correct answer is: Hib vaccine
Q.5 Which vaccine is given to prevent neonatal tetanus?
DTaP
TT (Tetanus Toxoid)
BCG
Hepatitis B
Explanation - Maternal immunization with tetanus toxoid protects the newborn against neonatal tetanus.
Correct answer is: TT (Tetanus Toxoid)
Q.6 At what age is the first dose of measles-containing vaccine usually administered?
At birth
6 weeks
9 months
2 years
Explanation - The first measles vaccine dose is usually given at 9 months in many national schedules.
Correct answer is: 9 months
Q.7 Which of the following is a toxoid vaccine?
Hepatitis B
Diphtheria
Polio
MMR
Explanation - Diphtheria vaccine is a toxoid, containing inactivated toxin to stimulate immunity.
Correct answer is: Diphtheria
Q.8 Rotavirus vaccine is administered by which route?
Oral
Subcutaneous
Intramuscular
Intradermal
Explanation - Rotavirus vaccines are given orally to induce gut mucosal immunity.
Correct answer is: Oral
Q.9 Which vaccine should not be given to immunocompromised children?
Hib
Pneumococcal conjugate
MMR
Hepatitis B
Explanation - Live vaccines like MMR are contraindicated in immunocompromised children.
Correct answer is: MMR
Q.10 Which adjuvant is commonly used in pediatric vaccines?
Aluminum salts
Mercury
Formalin
Phenol
Explanation - Aluminum salts enhance immune response in many vaccines.
Correct answer is: Aluminum salts
Q.11 Pentavalent vaccine includes protection against which of the following?
DTP, Hepatitis B, Hib
MMR, Hepatitis A, Typhoid
Polio, Rotavirus, Cholera
DTP, Rabies, BCG
Explanation - Pentavalent vaccine combines diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis B, and Hib.
Correct answer is: DTP, Hepatitis B, Hib
Q.12 What is the route of administration for the BCG vaccine?
Oral
Intramuscular
Intradermal
Subcutaneous
Explanation - BCG vaccine is given intradermally, usually on the left upper arm.
Correct answer is: Intradermal
Q.13 Which disease was declared eradicated worldwide due to vaccination?
Polio
Smallpox
Measles
Diphtheria
Explanation - Smallpox was eradicated in 1980 by global vaccination efforts.
Correct answer is: Smallpox
Q.14 Which of the following vaccines is recommended to prevent cervical cancer?
MMR
HPV vaccine
BCG
Hib vaccine
Explanation - HPV vaccine protects against strains of human papillomavirus responsible for cervical cancer.
Correct answer is: HPV vaccine
Q.15 Which vaccine prevents whooping cough?
DTP
MMR
Hepatitis B
Polio
Explanation - The pertussis component of the DTP vaccine prevents whooping cough.
Correct answer is: DTP
Q.16 The cold chain is essential in vaccination programs to:
Maintain potency of vaccines
Improve taste of oral vaccines
Reduce cost
Prevent overdosing
Explanation - Cold chain ensures vaccines are stored at correct temperatures to maintain effectiveness.
Correct answer is: Maintain potency of vaccines
Q.17 What type of vaccine is the Hepatitis B vaccine?
Live attenuated
Killed
Subunit (recombinant)
Toxoid
Explanation - Hepatitis B vaccine is a recombinant subunit vaccine using surface antigen protein.
Correct answer is: Subunit (recombinant)
Q.18 What does 'DTaP' stand for in the DTaP vaccine?
Diphtheria, Typhoid, Polio
Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis
Dengue, Tetanus, Polio
Diphtheria, Typhoid, Pertussis
Explanation - DTaP protects against diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis.
Correct answer is: Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis
Q.19 What is the route of administration for the inactivated polio vaccine (IPV)?
Oral
Subcutaneous
Intramuscular
Intradermal
Explanation - IPV is given intramuscularly, unlike OPV which is given orally.
Correct answer is: Intramuscular
Q.20 Which age group is recommended for HPV vaccination?
Infants
Children under 5 years
Adolescents
Elderly
Explanation - HPV vaccination is best given before onset of sexual activity, usually in adolescence.
Correct answer is: Adolescents
Q.21 Which vaccine is given orally in sugar drops in immunization programs?
Hepatitis B
OPV
MMR
Hib
Explanation - Oral polio vaccine is given in sugar drops to infants.
Correct answer is: OPV
Q.22 Which of the following vaccines contains live attenuated viruses?
MMR
DTaP
Hepatitis B
Pneumococcal conjugate
Explanation - MMR contains live attenuated measles, mumps, and rubella viruses.
Correct answer is: MMR
Q.23 What is herd immunity?
Immunity after infection
Protection of unvaccinated individuals due to high community vaccination rates
Immunity from multiple vaccine doses
Immunity due to breastfeeding
Explanation - Herd immunity occurs when enough people are immune to reduce disease spread.
Correct answer is: Protection of unvaccinated individuals due to high community vaccination rates
Q.24 Which is the first vaccine given in the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI)?
BCG
OPV-0
Hepatitis B
MMR
Explanation - BCG is the first vaccine given at birth in EPI schedule.
Correct answer is: BCG
Q.25 The 'cold chain' should maintain vaccines at which temperature range?
-20°C
2–8°C
15–25°C
0–2°C
Explanation - Most vaccines must be stored between 2–8°C for potency.
Correct answer is: 2–8°C