Q.1 What is the normal gestational age range for a term neonate?
34-36 weeks
37-42 weeks
43-44 weeks
30-34 weeks
Explanation - A term neonate is defined as a baby born between 37 and 42 completed weeks of gestation.
Correct answer is: 37-42 weeks
Q.2 Which is the most common cause of respiratory distress in preterm neonates?
Meconium aspiration
Transient tachypnea of newborn
Respiratory distress syndrome
Pneumonia
Explanation - Respiratory distress syndrome due to surfactant deficiency is the leading cause of distress in preterm babies.
Correct answer is: Respiratory distress syndrome
Q.3 Which vitamin deficiency is associated with hemorrhagic disease of the newborn?
Vitamin A
Vitamin C
Vitamin D
Vitamin K
Explanation - Vitamin K deficiency in neonates leads to defective clotting factors and hemorrhagic disease of the newborn.
Correct answer is: Vitamin K
Q.4 Which of the following is a common risk factor for neonatal hypoglycemia?
Small for gestational age
Post-term delivery
Cesarean section
Rh incompatibility
Explanation - SGA neonates have low glycogen and fat stores, predisposing them to hypoglycemia.
Correct answer is: Small for gestational age
Q.5 What is the gold standard method for confirming neonatal sepsis?
Blood culture
CBC
C-reactive protein
Chest X-ray
Explanation - Blood culture provides definitive evidence of sepsis, though other markers are supportive.
Correct answer is: Blood culture
Q.6 Which APGAR score component assesses reflex irritability?
Color
Grimace
Respiration
Tone
Explanation - Grimace response (reflex irritability) measures how the baby responds to stimulation.
Correct answer is: Grimace
Q.7 Which condition is associated with absence of meconium passage within 48 hours of birth?
Necrotizing enterocolitis
Intestinal atresia
Hirschsprung’s disease
Pyloric stenosis
Explanation - Failure of meconium passage may indicate Hirschsprung’s disease due to aganglionosis of the distal colon.
Correct answer is: Hirschsprung’s disease
Q.8 Which is the most common congenital heart disease in neonates?
Tetralogy of Fallot
Atrial septal defect
Patent ductus arteriosus
Ventricular septal defect
Explanation - VSD is the most common congenital heart disease diagnosed in neonates.
Correct answer is: Ventricular septal defect
Q.9 What is the primary risk of untreated neonatal jaundice?
Sepsis
Kernicterus
Hypoglycemia
Apnea
Explanation - Excess unconjugated bilirubin can cross the blood-brain barrier and cause kernicterus.
Correct answer is: Kernicterus
Q.10 Which type of bilirubin causes physiologic jaundice in neonates?
Conjugated bilirubin
Unconjugated bilirubin
Direct bilirubin
Delta bilirubin
Explanation - Physiological jaundice is due to transient unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia.
Correct answer is: Unconjugated bilirubin
Q.11 Which of the following is a complication of meconium aspiration syndrome?
Persistent pulmonary hypertension
Anemia
Hypoglycemia
Neonatal tetanus
Explanation - Meconium aspiration can cause airway obstruction, inflammation, and pulmonary hypertension.
Correct answer is: Persistent pulmonary hypertension
Q.12 Which screening test is used for congenital hypothyroidism in neonates?
T3 measurement
T4 measurement
TSH screening
Thyroid scan
Explanation - Neonatal screening programs use TSH to detect congenital hypothyroidism early.
Correct answer is: TSH screening
Q.13 What is the main cause of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants?
Hypoxia and infection
Hyperglycemia
Maternal hypertension
Iron deficiency
Explanation - NEC is associated with gut ischemia and bacterial invasion, particularly in preterm neonates.
Correct answer is: Hypoxia and infection
Q.14 Which intervention prevents neural tube defects when given preconceptionally?
Iron
Calcium
Folic acid
Vitamin A
Explanation - Folic acid supplementation before conception prevents neural tube defects.
Correct answer is: Folic acid
Q.15 What is the first-line treatment for neonatal hypoglycemia?
Oral glucose water
IV 10% dextrose
Glucagon injection
Breastfeeding only
Explanation - Symptomatic neonates with hypoglycemia require immediate IV dextrose infusion.
Correct answer is: IV 10% dextrose
Q.16 Which is the most common cause of neonatal sepsis in developing countries?
Listeria monocytogenes
E. coli
Group B streptococcus
Klebsiella
Explanation - In developing countries, Klebsiella is a leading cause of neonatal sepsis.
Correct answer is: Klebsiella
Q.17 Which antenatal steroid is most commonly used to prevent RDS in preterm labor?
Hydrocortisone
Betamethasone
Dexamethasone
Prednisolone
Explanation - Betamethasone or dexamethasone is given antenatally to accelerate fetal lung maturity.
Correct answer is: Betamethasone
Q.18 Which maternal infection is associated with 'blueberry muffin' rash in neonates?
CMV
Rubella
Toxoplasmosis
HIV
Explanation - Congenital rubella syndrome can cause extramedullary hematopoiesis leading to 'blueberry muffin' rash.
Correct answer is: Rubella
Q.19 What is the first step in neonatal resuscitation if the baby is not breathing?
Chest compressions
Provide warmth and clear airway
IV epinephrine
Oxygen via mask immediately
Explanation - Initial steps involve providing warmth, positioning, clearing the airway, and stimulating breathing.
Correct answer is: Provide warmth and clear airway
Q.20 Which of the following is a sign of neonatal hypocalcemia?
Hypothermia
Jaundice
Tetany
Apnea
Explanation - Low calcium can cause neuromuscular irritability, leading to tetany in neonates.
Correct answer is: Tetany
Q.21 Which is the best initial feeding option for preterm neonates?
Breast milk
Formula milk
Cow’s milk
Soy milk
Explanation - Breast milk is the best source of nutrition for preterm neonates due to immunological and nutritional benefits.
Correct answer is: Breast milk
Q.22 Which congenital infection is most commonly associated with chorioretinitis and intracranial calcification?
CMV
Rubella
Toxoplasmosis
Syphilis
Explanation - Congenital toxoplasmosis commonly presents with chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, and intracranial calcifications.
Correct answer is: Toxoplasmosis
Q.23 Which of the following is the best method to maintain thermoregulation in neonates?
Radiant warmer
Incubator
Kangaroo mother care
Hot water bottles
Explanation - Skin-to-skin contact in kangaroo mother care provides optimal thermoregulation and bonding.
Correct answer is: Kangaroo mother care
Q.24 What is the first sign of hypothermia in neonates?
Cold extremities
Apnea
Bradycardia
Seizures
Explanation - The earliest sign of neonatal hypothermia is cold extremities before systemic symptoms develop.
Correct answer is: Cold extremities
Q.25 Which neonatal reflex is elicited by stroking the cheek near the mouth?
Moro reflex
Rooting reflex
Grasp reflex
Tonic neck reflex
Explanation - Rooting reflex helps the neonate turn towards the stimulus to find the nipple for feeding.
Correct answer is: Rooting reflex