Q.1 At what age does a child typically achieve the milestone of sitting without support?
4 months
6 months
9 months
12 months
Explanation - Most infants can sit without support around 9 months. Earlier, they may need assistance.
Correct answer is: 9 months
Q.2 Which growth parameter is the most reliable indicator of chronic malnutrition in children?
Weight-for-age
Height-for-age
Head circumference
BMI
Explanation - Stunting, reflected by low height-for-age, indicates chronic malnutrition.
Correct answer is: Height-for-age
Q.3 By what age should a child typically be able to speak in two-word sentences?
12 months
18 months
24 months
36 months
Explanation - At around 2 years, children usually start combining words into short sentences.
Correct answer is: 24 months
Q.4 The fastest growth in head circumference occurs during which period?
Prenatal
First year of life
Second year of life
Preschool years
Explanation - Head circumference increases most rapidly in the first year, reflecting brain growth.
Correct answer is: First year of life
Q.5 What is the most accurate method for assessing bone age in children?
Chest X-ray
Skull X-ray
Left hand-wrist X-ray
Pelvis X-ray
Explanation - Bone age is commonly assessed using an X-ray of the left hand and wrist compared with standards.
Correct answer is: Left hand-wrist X-ray
Q.6 Which of the following is the first deciduous tooth to erupt in most children?
Upper central incisor
Lower central incisor
Upper lateral incisor
Lower first molar
Explanation - The lower central incisors typically erupt first, around 6 months of age.
Correct answer is: Lower central incisor
Q.7 At what age do most children develop a mature pincer grasp?
6 months
9 months
12 months
15 months
Explanation - The pincer grasp, using thumb and forefinger, usually develops by 12 months.
Correct answer is: 12 months
Q.8 Which vitamin deficiency is most associated with impaired linear growth in children?
Vitamin A
Vitamin D
Vitamin C
Vitamin B12
Explanation - Vitamin D deficiency leads to rickets, which affects bone growth and height.
Correct answer is: Vitamin D
Q.9 Failure to thrive is best defined as:
Weight below 10th percentile
Weight below 5th percentile or falling two major percentiles
Height below 25th percentile
BMI below 10th percentile
Explanation - Failure to thrive involves significant deviation from expected growth curves.
Correct answer is: Weight below 5th percentile or falling two major percentiles
Q.10 Which developmental milestone is expected at 18 months?
Climbs stairs with alternating feet
Stacks 3-4 blocks
Uses 2-3 word phrases
Rides a tricycle
Explanation - At 18 months, children typically stack blocks, walk independently, and say a few words.
Correct answer is: Stacks 3-4 blocks
Q.11 The mid-parental height is used to estimate:
Nutritional status
Bone age
Genetic potential for height
Weight trajectory
Explanation - Mid-parental height predicts expected adult height, adjusted for parental stature.
Correct answer is: Genetic potential for height
Q.12 At what age should an infant double their birth weight?
3 months
4 months
5 months
12 months
Explanation - Infants typically double their birth weight by about 5 months and triple by 1 year.
Correct answer is: 5 months
Q.13 A 3-year-old child should be expected to:
Hop on one foot
Know full sentences
Ride a bicycle
Stack 10 blocks
Explanation - By age 3, children stack 9-10 blocks and speak in short sentences.
Correct answer is: Stack 10 blocks
Q.14 Tanner staging is used to assess:
Cognitive development
Pubertal development
Nutritional status
Motor development
Explanation - Tanner staging describes secondary sexual characteristics during puberty.
Correct answer is: Pubertal development
Q.15 Peak height velocity in girls usually occurs:
Before menarche
At menarche
After menarche
Not related to menarche
Explanation - In girls, peak height velocity occurs about 6-12 months before menarche.
Correct answer is: Before menarche
Q.16 At what age can most children hop on one foot?
2 years
3 years
4 years
5 years
Explanation - Hopping on one foot is a gross motor milestone typically achieved by 4 years.
Correct answer is: 4 years
Q.17 Head circumference at birth is approximately:
30 cm
35 cm
40 cm
45 cm
Explanation - Average newborn head circumference is around 35 cm.
Correct answer is: 35 cm
Q.18 Which factor most strongly influences a child’s growth in the first 6 months?
Genetics
Nutrition
Hormonal control
Physical activity
Explanation - Nutrition is the dominant factor influencing growth in early infancy.
Correct answer is: Nutrition
Q.19 Which hormone is most important for growth after the first year of life?
Insulin
Growth hormone
Thyroxine
Cortisol
Explanation - GH is crucial for linear growth beyond infancy, while nutrition dominates early.
Correct answer is: Growth hormone
Q.20 Pubertal growth spurt in boys occurs at Tanner stage:
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 5
Explanation - In boys, peak growth velocity usually occurs during Tanner stage 3-4.
Correct answer is: Stage 3
Q.21 What is the average annual height gain during mid-childhood (age 4-10 years)?
2 cm/year
5 cm/year
8 cm/year
10 cm/year
Explanation - Children grow steadily about 5-6 cm per year during mid-childhood.
Correct answer is: 5 cm/year
Q.22 Delayed closure of fontanelles is most commonly associated with:
Normal growth
Rickets
Dehydration
Microcephaly
Explanation - Rickets causes delayed bone mineralization, leading to late fontanelle closure.
Correct answer is: Rickets
Q.23 Which of the following best describes 'catch-up growth'?
Growth above 95th percentile
Rapid growth after illness or malnutrition
Pubertal growth spurt
Normal growth velocity
Explanation - Catch-up growth occurs when a child grows faster than normal after recovering from illness or malnutrition.
Correct answer is: Rapid growth after illness or malnutrition
Q.24 At what age does a child typically achieve bladder control during the day?
18 months
2 years
3 years
4 years
Explanation - Daytime bladder control is usually achieved around 3 years of age.
Correct answer is: 3 years
Q.25 Which is the most important factor influencing final adult height?
Nutrition
Genetics
Exercise
Psychological environment
Explanation - Genetics is the primary determinant of ultimate adult height, though nutrition also plays a role.
Correct answer is: Genetics