Q.1 Which of the following is the most common cause of diaper dermatitis in infants?
Allergic reaction to diapers
Candida albicans infection
Bacterial infection with Staphylococcus aureus
Contact irritation from urine and feces
Explanation - The most common cause of diaper dermatitis is irritant contact dermatitis due to prolonged exposure to urine and feces, which leads to skin breakdown and inflammation.
Correct answer is: Contact irritation from urine and feces
Q.2 Which skin condition in children presents as hypopigmented, scaly patches on the trunk and is caused by Malassezia species?
Pityriasis alba
Tinea versicolor
Vitiligo
Seborrheic dermatitis
Explanation - Tinea versicolor is caused by Malassezia yeast and presents as hypopigmented or hyperpigmented scaly patches, commonly on the trunk and shoulders.
Correct answer is: Tinea versicolor
Q.3 Which of the following is a common trigger for atopic dermatitis flares in children?
Exposure to peanuts
Low humidity environment
Frequent handwashing
All of the above
Explanation - Atopic dermatitis flares can be triggered by food allergens, environmental factors such as low humidity, and irritants including frequent handwashing or harsh soaps.
Correct answer is: All of the above
Q.4 Which viral exanthem typically starts on the face and spreads to the trunk, associated with Koplik spots?
Measles
Rubella
Roseola
Varicella
Explanation - Measles presents with a prodrome of fever, cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, and Koplik spots on the buccal mucosa, followed by a cephalocaudal spreading rash.
Correct answer is: Measles
Q.5 What is the most common bacterial cause of impetigo in children?
Streptococcus pyogenes
Staphylococcus aureus
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Escherichia coli
Explanation - Impetigo is most commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus, although Streptococcus pyogenes can also be a cause, presenting as honey-colored crusted lesions.
Correct answer is: Staphylococcus aureus
Q.6 Which childhood condition is characterized by silvery scales on extensor surfaces and family history of psoriasis?
Seborrheic dermatitis
Psoriasis
Lichen planus
Pityriasis rosea
Explanation - Psoriasis in children commonly presents with well-demarcated, erythematous plaques with silvery scales, often on extensor surfaces, and may have a familial pattern.
Correct answer is: Psoriasis
Q.7 Which type of epidermolysis bullosa presents with blisters at birth that heal with minimal scarring?
EB simplex
Junctional EB
Dystrophic EB
Kindler syndrome
Explanation - EB simplex is the mildest form of epidermolysis bullosa, with intraepidermal blistering that usually heals without significant scarring or milia formation.
Correct answer is: EB simplex
Q.8 Which pediatric dermatologic condition presents with a herald patch followed by a Christmas tree pattern rash?
Pityriasis rosea
Tinea corporis
Psoriasis
Scarlet fever
Explanation - Pityriasis rosea begins with a single 'herald patch,' followed by multiple smaller lesions in a characteristic Christmas tree distribution on the trunk.
Correct answer is: Pityriasis rosea
Q.9 Which condition is characterized by mucocutaneous lesions, fever, and conjunctivitis in children, often following streptococcal infection?
Kawasaki disease
Stevens-Johnson syndrome
Toxic shock syndrome
Scarlet fever
Explanation - Kawasaki disease presents with prolonged fever, conjunctivitis, mucous membrane changes, rash, and extremity changes; early recognition is crucial to prevent coronary artery aneurysms.
Correct answer is: Kawasaki disease
Q.10 Which of the following is a key differentiating feature between viral exanthems and bacterial skin infections in children?
Presence of fever
Pattern and distribution of rash
Age of the child
History of vaccination
Explanation - Viral exanthems typically have characteristic patterns and distributions, while bacterial infections often present as localized lesions with pustules, crusting, or ulceration.
Correct answer is: Pattern and distribution of rash
Q.11 Which fungal infection commonly presents as annular lesions with central clearing and raised borders in children?
Tinea corporis
Candidiasis
Tinea versicolor
Pityriasis alba
Explanation - Tinea corporis, caused by dermatophytes, presents with annular, scaly lesions with central clearing and raised erythematous borders, commonly on exposed skin surfaces.
Correct answer is: Tinea corporis
Q.12 Which dermatologic condition is associated with a reticulated, lace-like pattern on the extremities, often after viral illness?
Erythema infectiosum
Roseola
Kawasaki disease
Hand-foot-mouth disease
Explanation - Erythema infectiosum (fifth disease), caused by parvovirus B19, presents with a characteristic lacy, reticulated rash on the extremities, often after a mild febrile prodrome.
Correct answer is: Erythema infectiosum
Q.13 Which pediatric dermatologic emergency involves widespread epidermal necrosis and mucous membrane involvement?
Stevens-Johnson syndrome
Toxic shock syndrome
Kawasaki disease
Scarlet fever
Explanation - Stevens-Johnson syndrome is a life-threatening condition characterized by widespread epidermal necrosis, mucous membrane involvement, and often a history of drug exposure or infection.
Correct answer is: Stevens-Johnson syndrome
Q.14 Which condition presents with pruritic vesicles on the extensor surfaces of young children, often associated with a history of atopy?
Atopic dermatitis
Contact dermatitis
Scabies
Psoriasis
Explanation - Atopic dermatitis in children often presents with pruritic, erythematous vesicles and excoriations on extensor surfaces, with a history of atopy or family history of eczema, asthma, or allergies.
Correct answer is: Atopic dermatitis
Q.15 Which bacterial infection presents with honey-colored crusted lesions around the mouth and nose in children?
Impetigo
Cellulitis
Erysipelas
Folliculitis
Explanation - Impetigo is a superficial bacterial infection, usually caused by Staphylococcus aureus, characterized by honey-colored crusts, commonly around the mouth and nose.
Correct answer is: Impetigo
Q.16 Which viral infection causes vesicular eruptions on the palms, soles, and oral mucosa in children?
Hand-foot-mouth disease
Varicella
Measles
Herpes simplex virus infection
Explanation - Hand-foot-mouth disease, caused by coxsackievirus, presents with vesicular eruptions on palms, soles, and oral mucosa, often accompanied by fever and malaise.
Correct answer is: Hand-foot-mouth disease
Q.17 Which congenital dermatologic disorder is characterized by thickened, scaly skin with a fish-like appearance at birth?
Ichthyosis vulgaris
Lamellar ichthyosis
Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis
X-linked ichthyosis
Explanation - Lamellar ichthyosis presents at birth with generalized thick, plate-like scales, giving a fish-like appearance, and is caused by genetic defects affecting skin barrier formation.
Correct answer is: Lamellar ichthyosis
Q.18 Which condition is a self-limiting viral exanthem presenting with sudden high fever followed by a diffuse maculopapular rash in infants?
Roseola
Measles
Rubella
Varicella
Explanation - Roseola (exanthem subitum) presents with sudden high fever in infants, which resolves abruptly, followed by a diffuse maculopapular rash mainly on the trunk and neck.
Correct answer is: Roseola
Q.19 Which skin lesion is most characteristic of scabies infestation in children?
Burrows in web spaces of fingers
Honey-colored crusts on the face
Annular plaques with central clearing
Hypopigmented patches on the trunk
Explanation - Scabies presents with intense pruritus and characteristic linear burrows, especially in interdigital spaces, wrists, and other areas, due to Sarcoptes scabiei mites.
Correct answer is: Burrows in web spaces of fingers
Q.20 Which condition is characterized by hypo- or depigmented patches, often symmetric, and slowly progressive in children?
Vitiligo
Pityriasis alba
Tinea versicolor
Atopic dermatitis
Explanation - Vitiligo is an autoimmune condition leading to depigmented patches, often symmetrically distributed, with gradual progression, and may be associated with other autoimmune diseases.
Correct answer is: Vitiligo
Q.21 Which pediatric dermatologic condition is associated with a salmon-colored plaque with a silvery scale, often on the scalp or diaper area?
Psoriasis
Seborrheic dermatitis
Pityriasis rosea
Impetigo
Explanation - Psoriasis in children often presents with erythematous plaques with silvery scales, commonly involving the scalp, extensor surfaces, or diaper area, and may have a genetic predisposition.
Correct answer is: Psoriasis
Q.22 Which condition is associated with honey-colored crusted lesions that are highly contagious among children?
Impetigo
Cellulitis
Molluscum contagiosum
Varicella
Explanation - Impetigo is a superficial bacterial infection, usually due to Staphylococcus aureus, presenting with honey-colored crusts and is highly contagious, especially in school-aged children.
Correct answer is: Impetigo