Q.1 Which part of the eye is primarily affected in anterior uveitis?
Retina
Iris and ciliary body
Choroid
Optic nerve
Explanation - Anterior uveitis involves inflammation of the iris and ciliary body, collectively called the anterior uveal tract.
Correct answer is: Iris and ciliary body
Q.2 Which of the following is the most common cause of acute anterior uveitis?
Tuberculosis
Herpes simplex virus
HLA-B27 associated disorders
Syphilis
Explanation - HLA-B27 associated spondyloarthropathies are the most common systemic causes of acute anterior uveitis.
Correct answer is: HLA-B27 associated disorders
Q.3 Which sign is most characteristic of anterior uveitis on slit-lamp examination?
Flare and cells in the anterior chamber
Cotton-wool spots
Drusen on the macula
Cherry-red spot
Explanation - Flare and cells indicate protein leakage and inflammatory cells in the anterior chamber, hallmark of anterior uveitis.
Correct answer is: Flare and cells in the anterior chamber
Q.4 Posterior uveitis primarily affects which structures?
Iris and ciliary body
Retina and choroid
Cornea
Lens
Explanation - Posterior uveitis involves inflammation of the choroid and retina, affecting vision more severely than anterior uveitis.
Correct answer is: Retina and choroid
Q.5 Which infectious agent is most commonly associated with toxoplasma retinochoroiditis?
Toxoplasma gondii
Herpes simplex virus
Cytomegalovirus
Treponema pallidum
Explanation - Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite responsible for retinochoroiditis, usually presenting with focal necrotizing lesions in the retina.
Correct answer is: Toxoplasma gondii
Q.6 Which systemic disease is commonly associated with bilateral uveitis?
Sarcoidosis
Herpes zoster
Trauma
Endophthalmitis
Explanation - Sarcoidosis often causes chronic, bilateral, granulomatous uveitis due to systemic granulomatous inflammation.
Correct answer is: Sarcoidosis
Q.7 Which complication is most likely to result from chronic uveitis?
Glaucoma
Myopia
Retinitis pigmentosa
Macular degeneration
Explanation - Chronic uveitis can lead to secondary glaucoma due to trabecular meshwork obstruction or steroid-induced ocular hypertension.
Correct answer is: Glaucoma
Q.8 Which of the following is a common presenting symptom of uveitis?
Pain, redness, photophobia
Painless visual field loss
Night blindness
Floaters without redness
Explanation - Patients with anterior uveitis typically present with eye pain, redness, and sensitivity to light (photophobia).
Correct answer is: Pain, redness, photophobia
Q.9 Which type of uveitis is more likely to cause severe vision loss if untreated?
Anterior uveitis
Intermediate uveitis
Posterior uveitis
Iritis only
Explanation - Posterior uveitis affects the retina and choroid and can cause permanent vision loss if untreated.
Correct answer is: Posterior uveitis
Q.10 Which laboratory test is most useful in suspected HLA-B27 associated uveitis?
HLA-B27 typing
ANA
RPR
ACE level
Explanation - HLA-B27 testing helps confirm the association with spondyloarthropathies in acute anterior uveitis.
Correct answer is: HLA-B27 typing
Q.11 Which feature differentiates granulomatous from non-granulomatous uveitis?
Presence of mutton-fat keratic precipitates
Pain severity
Laterality
Presence of floaters
Explanation - Granulomatous uveitis shows large, greasy 'mutton-fat' keratic precipitates on the corneal endothelium, unlike non-granulomatous uveitis.
Correct answer is: Presence of mutton-fat keratic precipitates
Q.12 Which ocular imaging modality is most helpful in evaluating posterior uveitis?
Fluorescein angiography
Slit-lamp exam
Tonometry
Corneal topography
Explanation - Fluorescein angiography helps detect retinal and choroidal lesions, vascular leakage, and inflammation in posterior uveitis.
Correct answer is: Fluorescein angiography
Q.13 Which of the following is a common treatment for acute anterior uveitis?
Topical corticosteroids
Antibiotic eye drops
Laser photocoagulation
Antiviral oral therapy
Explanation - Topical corticosteroids reduce inflammation in anterior uveitis and are the first-line therapy.
Correct answer is: Topical corticosteroids
Q.14 Which complication is directly associated with posterior synechiae in uveitis?
Irregular pupil
Retinal detachment
Cataract
Macular edema
Explanation - Posterior synechiae are adhesions between the iris and lens, causing an irregular pupil and potential secondary glaucoma.
Correct answer is: Irregular pupil
Q.15 Which infectious cause should be suspected in immunocompromised patients with necrotizing retinitis?
Cytomegalovirus
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Toxocara
Varicella zoster virus
Explanation - CMV retinitis is common in immunocompromised patients, such as those with AIDS, and presents as necrotizing retinitis.
Correct answer is: Cytomegalovirus
Q.16 Which systemic therapy is indicated for severe or refractory uveitis?
Oral corticosteroids
Topical antibiotics
Lubricating eye drops
Beta-blockers
Explanation - Severe or refractory uveitis may require systemic corticosteroids or immunosuppressants to control inflammation.
Correct answer is: Oral corticosteroids
Q.17 Which uveitis type is most commonly associated with multiple sclerosis?
Intermediate uveitis
Anterior uveitis
Posterior uveitis
Panuveitis
Explanation - Intermediate uveitis, affecting the vitreous, is often associated with demyelinating diseases like multiple sclerosis.
Correct answer is: Intermediate uveitis
Q.18 Which of the following drugs is known to cause drug-induced uveitis?
Cidofovir
Metformin
Lisinopril
Atorvastatin
Explanation - Cidofovir, an antiviral, is known to cause anterior uveitis and increased intraocular pressure in some patients.
Correct answer is: Cidofovir
Q.19 Which ocular structure, if affected in uveitis, can lead to cystoid macular edema?
Macula
Lens
Cornea
Optic nerve
Explanation - Inflammation in uveitis can cause fluid accumulation in the macula, leading to cystoid macular edema and vision loss.
Correct answer is: Macula
Q.20 Which type of uveitis involves inflammation of all segments of the uveal tract?
Panuveitis
Anterior uveitis
Intermediate uveitis
Posterior uveitis
Explanation - Panuveitis involves the anterior chamber, vitreous, and posterior segment, affecting the entire uveal tract.
Correct answer is: Panuveitis
Q.21 Which HLA type is commonly associated with acute anterior uveitis and ankylosing spondylitis?
HLA-B27
HLA-DR4
HLA-A2
HLA-B8
Explanation - HLA-B27 is strongly associated with spondyloarthropathies and acute anterior uveitis.
Correct answer is: HLA-B27
Q.22 Which of the following is a feature of chronic granulomatous uveitis?
Mutton-fat keratic precipitates and iris nodules
Acute red eye with pain
Floaters only
Painless visual loss
Explanation - Chronic granulomatous uveitis is characterized by large keratic precipitates and iris nodules (Koeppe or Busacca).
Correct answer is: Mutton-fat keratic precipitates and iris nodules
Q.23 Which laboratory test helps diagnose sarcoid-associated uveitis?
Serum ACE levels
Blood glucose
CRP
ANA
Explanation - Elevated serum ACE levels support a diagnosis of sarcoidosis, a common cause of granulomatous uveitis.
Correct answer is: Serum ACE levels
Q.24 Which condition is considered a non-infectious cause of panuveitis?
Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome
Herpes simplex virus
Toxoplasmosis
Cytomegalovirus
Explanation - VKH is an autoimmune disorder causing panuveitis along with systemic manifestations such as vitiligo, alopecia, and hearing loss.
Correct answer is: Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome