Q.1 Which of the following is the most commonly performed ophthalmic surgery worldwide?
Glaucoma filtering surgery
Retinal detachment repair
Cataract extraction
Corneal transplantation
Explanation - Cataract extraction is the most frequently performed ophthalmic surgery worldwide due to the high prevalence of cataracts, especially in the elderly.
Correct answer is: Cataract extraction
Q.2 Phacoemulsification in cataract surgery uses which principle?
Cryotherapy
Ultrasound energy
Laser ablation
Radiofrequency
Explanation - Phacoemulsification uses ultrasound vibrations to emulsify the lens, which is then aspirated and replaced with an intraocular lens.
Correct answer is: Ultrasound energy
Q.3 Which incision type in cataract surgery is self-sealing and reduces the need for sutures?
Scleral tunnel incision
Limbal incision
Clear corneal incision
Radial incision
Explanation - A clear corneal incision is small, self-sealing, and often requires no sutures, making recovery faster.
Correct answer is: Clear corneal incision
Q.4 Trabeculectomy is primarily performed for which condition?
Cataract
Glaucoma
Retinal detachment
Uveitis
Explanation - Trabeculectomy is a filtering surgery that creates an alternative pathway for aqueous humor to lower intraocular pressure in glaucoma.
Correct answer is: Glaucoma
Q.5 Which instrument is commonly used to cut scleral tissue in ophthalmic surgery?
Vannas scissors
Keratome
Lens loop
Cryoprobe
Explanation - Vannas scissors are fine scissors used for delicate ophthalmic tissue cutting, including scleral surgery.
Correct answer is: Vannas scissors
Q.6 Which dye is commonly used to stain the anterior capsule during cataract surgery?
Trypan blue
Fluorescein
Rose bengal
Indocyanine green
Explanation - Trypan blue is used to stain the anterior capsule, improving visualization during capsulorhexis in cataract surgery.
Correct answer is: Trypan blue
Q.7 Which of the following is NOT a type of intraocular lens (IOL)?
Monofocal IOL
Toric IOL
Multifocal IOL
Myopic IOL
Explanation - There is no 'myopic IOL'; common IOLs include monofocal, multifocal, and toric lenses for astigmatism.
Correct answer is: Myopic IOL
Q.8 Laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) primarily corrects which condition?
Cataract
Glaucoma
Refractive errors
Retinal detachment
Explanation - LASIK reshapes the cornea using an excimer laser to correct refractive errors like myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism.
Correct answer is: Refractive errors
Q.9 In extracapsular cataract extraction, which part of the lens is left behind?
Nucleus
Cortex
Capsule
All parts are removed
Explanation - In extracapsular extraction, the lens nucleus and cortex are removed but the posterior capsule is left intact to support the IOL.
Correct answer is: Capsule
Q.10 Which suture material is most commonly used in ophthalmic surgery?
Silk
Nylon
Polyester
Catgut
Explanation - Nylon sutures are preferred in ophthalmology because they are monofilament, non-absorbable, and cause minimal tissue reaction.
Correct answer is: Nylon
Q.11 Which surgical procedure is performed for retinal detachment?
Trabeculectomy
Vitrectomy
Phacoemulsification
Keratoplasty
Explanation - Vitrectomy involves removal of vitreous humor and repairing retinal tears to treat retinal detachment.
Correct answer is: Vitrectomy
Q.12 Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) is performed to treat obstruction of which structure?
Canaliculus
Lacrimal sac
Nasolacrimal duct
Meibomian gland
Explanation - DCR creates a new passage between the lacrimal sac and nasal cavity to bypass nasolacrimal duct obstruction.
Correct answer is: Nasolacrimal duct
Q.13 Which of the following is a complication of LASIK surgery?
Endophthalmitis
Flap complications
Vitreous hemorrhage
Retinal detachment
Explanation - LASIK involves creating a corneal flap, and complications can include flap dislocation or irregular healing.
Correct answer is: Flap complications
Q.14 Which of the following is an absolute contraindication for LASIK?
Diabetes
Keratoconus
Myopia
Astigmatism
Explanation - LASIK is contraindicated in keratoconus because corneal thinning increases the risk of ectasia.
Correct answer is: Keratoconus
Q.15 Which anesthesia is most commonly used for cataract surgery?
General anesthesia
Retrobulbar block
Topical anesthesia
Epidural anesthesia
Explanation - Topical anesthesia is most commonly used in modern cataract surgery due to its safety and quick recovery.
Correct answer is: Topical anesthesia
Q.16 The main purpose of viscoelastic substances in cataract surgery is to:
Stain the capsule
Stabilize the anterior chamber
Dissolve the lens
Reduce intraocular pressure
Explanation - Viscoelastic substances maintain anterior chamber depth, protect corneal endothelium, and ease IOL implantation.
Correct answer is: Stabilize the anterior chamber
Q.17 Which laser is most commonly used in YAG capsulotomy?
Excimer laser
Nd:YAG laser
Femtosecond laser
CO2 laser
Explanation - Nd:YAG laser is used for posterior capsulotomy to treat posterior capsule opacification after cataract surgery.
Correct answer is: Nd:YAG laser
Q.18 Which is the most common complication of penetrating keratoplasty?
Refractive error
Graft rejection
Endophthalmitis
Secondary glaucoma
Explanation - Graft rejection due to immune response is the most common complication after penetrating keratoplasty.
Correct answer is: Graft rejection
Q.19 Which muscle is recessed in surgery for esotropia?
Lateral rectus
Medial rectus
Superior rectus
Inferior rectus
Explanation - Esotropia is treated by weakening the medial rectus muscle (recession) or strengthening the lateral rectus (resection).
Correct answer is: Medial rectus
Q.20 Which ophthalmic surgery uses a femtosecond laser to create corneal incisions?
LASIK
Trabeculectomy
Vitrectomy
DCR
Explanation - Femtosecond laser is used in LASIK for precise creation of corneal flaps.
Correct answer is: LASIK
Q.21 Scleral buckle surgery is done for which condition?
Glaucoma
Retinal detachment
Cataract
Corneal perforation
Explanation - Scleral buckle surgery supports the retina by indenting the sclera to close retinal breaks and aid reattachment.
Correct answer is: Retinal detachment
Q.22 Which intraocular lens position is preferred in uncomplicated cataract surgery?
Anterior chamber
Iris-fixated
Posterior chamber (in the capsular bag)
Scleral-fixated
Explanation - In uncomplicated cases, the IOL is ideally placed in the posterior chamber within the capsular bag.
Correct answer is: Posterior chamber (in the capsular bag)
Q.23 The primary aim of glaucoma surgery is to:
Cure glaucoma
Restore optic nerve fibers
Lower intraocular pressure
Improve visual acuity
Explanation - Glaucoma surgery does not cure the disease but aims to lower IOP to prevent further optic nerve damage.
Correct answer is: Lower intraocular pressure
Q.24 Which of the following is used in cryotherapy for retinal tears?
Liquid nitrogen
Carbon dioxide
Nitrous oxide
Argon gas
Explanation - Cryotherapy for retinal tears uses nitrous oxide to create localized freezing and adhesion around the retinal break.
Correct answer is: Nitrous oxide
Q.25 Which surgical procedure replaces a diseased cornea with a donor cornea?
Keratoplasty
Vitrectomy
Trabeculectomy
Iridectomy
Explanation - Keratoplasty is corneal transplantation, replacing part or all of a diseased cornea with a donor graft.
Correct answer is: Keratoplasty