Q.1 Which drug is commonly used as a first-line agent to reduce intraocular pressure in open-angle glaucoma?
Timolol
Atropine
Chloramphenicol
Pilocarpine
Explanation - Timolol, a non-selective beta-blocker, is frequently used to decrease aqueous humor production, lowering intraocular pressure in glaucoma.
Correct answer is: Timolol
Q.2 What is the mechanism of action of prostaglandin analogs like latanoprost in glaucoma management?
Increase aqueous humor production
Decrease aqueous humor production
Increase uveoscleral outflow
Cause pupil constriction
Explanation - Prostaglandin analogs primarily act by enhancing uveoscleral outflow, thereby reducing intraocular pressure.
Correct answer is: Increase uveoscleral outflow
Q.3 Which mydriatic agent is contraindicated in narrow-angle glaucoma?
Tropicamide
Atropine
Phenylephrine
All of the above
Explanation - Mydriatic drugs can precipitate angle closure in patients with narrow-angle glaucoma and are contraindicated.
Correct answer is: All of the above
Q.4 Which antibiotic eye drop is commonly used to treat bacterial conjunctivitis?
Chloramphenicol
Acyclovir
Prednisolone
Timolol
Explanation - Chloramphenicol is a broad-spectrum antibiotic frequently used in treating bacterial conjunctivitis.
Correct answer is: Chloramphenicol
Q.5 Which drug causes miosis by stimulating muscarinic receptors in the eye?
Tropicamide
Atropine
Pilocarpine
Phenylephrine
Explanation - Pilocarpine is a parasympathomimetic drug that causes pupillary constriction (miosis).
Correct answer is: Pilocarpine
Q.6 Which of the following is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used in glaucoma?
Brimonidine
Acetazolamide
Timolol
Pilocarpine
Explanation - Acetazolamide reduces aqueous humor production by inhibiting carbonic anhydrase.
Correct answer is: Acetazolamide
Q.7 Which antiviral eye drop is commonly used in herpes simplex keratitis?
Acyclovir
Ganciclovir
Ribavirin
Amphotericin B
Explanation - Topical acyclovir is effective against herpes simplex virus infections of the cornea.
Correct answer is: Acyclovir
Q.8 What is the side effect of long-term corticosteroid eye drop use?
Cataract formation
Corneal healing promotion
Miosis
Reduced intraocular pressure
Explanation - Chronic corticosteroid use can cause cataracts and increased intraocular pressure.
Correct answer is: Cataract formation
Q.9 Which agent is used for pupillary dilation during fundoscopy?
Tropicamide
Pilocarpine
Acetazolamide
Timolol
Explanation - Tropicamide is a short-acting mydriatic agent used for diagnostic eye exams.
Correct answer is: Tropicamide
Q.10 Brimonidine reduces intraocular pressure primarily by:
Increasing aqueous humor production
Reducing aqueous humor production
Blocking muscarinic receptors
Enhancing prostaglandin synthesis
Explanation - Brimonidine is an alpha-2 agonist that decreases aqueous humor production.
Correct answer is: Reducing aqueous humor production
Q.11 Which antifungal is used for fungal keratitis?
Voriconazole
Acyclovir
Amphotericin B
Chloramphenicol
Explanation - Amphotericin B is effective against fungal eye infections such as keratitis.
Correct answer is: Amphotericin B
Q.12 Which drug class is contraindicated in patients with asthma when used as eye drops?
Beta-blockers
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Prostaglandin analogs
Antibiotics
Explanation - Ocular beta-blockers like timolol can exacerbate asthma due to bronchospasm.
Correct answer is: Beta-blockers
Q.13 Which eye medication is used to diagnose Horner's syndrome?
Cocaine drops
Atropine
Pilocarpine
Timolol
Explanation - Cocaine eye drops prevent norepinephrine reuptake; lack of dilation helps diagnose Horner’s syndrome.
Correct answer is: Cocaine drops
Q.14 Which local anesthetic is used for ocular procedures?
Lidocaine
Tetracaine
Bupivacaine
Procaine
Explanation - Tetracaine is commonly used as a topical anesthetic in ophthalmic procedures.
Correct answer is: Tetracaine
Q.15 Which drug is used to reduce inflammation in uveitis?
Prednisolone
Atropine
Timolol
Chloramphenicol
Explanation - Prednisolone is a corticosteroid used to suppress intraocular inflammation.
Correct answer is: Prednisolone
Q.16 Which agent is a miotic used in the emergency treatment of acute angle-closure glaucoma?
Atropine
Pilocarpine
Tropicamide
Phenylephrine
Explanation - Pilocarpine causes miosis, which helps open the drainage angle in acute angle-closure glaucoma.
Correct answer is: Pilocarpine
Q.17 Which systemic drug can cause optic neuropathy as a side effect?
Ethambutol
Timolol
Chloramphenicol
Aspirin
Explanation - Ethambutol, an anti-tuberculosis drug, can cause optic neuritis leading to vision loss.
Correct answer is: Ethambutol
Q.18 Which drug is used to reduce pain in corneal abrasions?
Cycloplegics
Antibiotics
Beta-blockers
Prostaglandin analogs
Explanation - Cycloplegics like atropine relieve pain by paralyzing the ciliary muscle.
Correct answer is: Cycloplegics
Q.19 Which topical drug is used for allergic conjunctivitis?
Olopatadine
Chloramphenicol
Prednisolone
Pilocarpine
Explanation - Olopatadine is an antihistamine used to relieve allergic conjunctivitis.
Correct answer is: Olopatadine
Q.20 Which agent is used to reverse the effect of mydriatics after eye exams?
Pilocarpine
Tropicamide
Phenylephrine
Acetazolamide
Explanation - Pilocarpine induces miosis, counteracting drug-induced mydriasis.
Correct answer is: Pilocarpine
Q.21 Which preservative in eye drops can cause ocular surface toxicity?
Benzalkonium chloride
Sodium chloride
Potassium iodide
Sorbitol
Explanation - Benzalkonium chloride, a common preservative, can cause ocular surface damage with chronic use.
Correct answer is: Benzalkonium chloride
Q.22 Which systemic drug can cause dry eye as a side effect?
Antihistamines
Beta-blockers
ACE inhibitors
Statins
Explanation - Antihistamines reduce tear secretion, leading to dry eye symptoms.
Correct answer is: Antihistamines
Q.23 Which vitamin is important in preventing xerophthalmia?
Vitamin A
Vitamin B12
Vitamin C
Vitamin D
Explanation - Vitamin A deficiency can cause xerophthalmia and keratomalacia.
Correct answer is: Vitamin A
Q.24 Which drug can cause blue discoloration of vision as a side effect?
Sildenafil
Timolol
Atropine
Prednisolone
Explanation - Sildenafil, a PDE-5 inhibitor, can cause cyanopsia (blue-tinted vision).
Correct answer is: Sildenafil
Q.25 Which topical antibiotic is avoided in newborns due to risk of 'gray baby syndrome'?
Chloramphenicol
Erythromycin
Tobramycin
Gentamicin
Explanation - Chloramphenicol can cause gray baby syndrome and is avoided in neonates.
Correct answer is: Chloramphenicol