Q.1 Which of the following organisms is the most common cause of bacterial conjunctivitis in adults?
Staphylococcus aureus
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Haemophilus influenzae
Chlamydia trachomatis
Explanation - Staphylococcus aureus is the most frequent bacterial pathogen causing conjunctivitis in adults, whereas Haemophilus and Streptococcus species are more common in children.
Correct answer is: Staphylococcus aureus
Q.2 A 7-year-old child presents with mucopurulent discharge and red eye. The most likely cause is:
Allergic conjunctivitis
Bacterial conjunctivitis
Viral conjunctivitis
Dry eye disease
Explanation - Mucopurulent discharge is characteristic of bacterial conjunctivitis, particularly in children.
Correct answer is: Bacterial conjunctivitis
Q.3 Which herpes virus is primarily responsible for dendritic corneal ulcers?
HSV-1
HSV-2
VZV
CMV
Explanation - Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is the common cause of dendritic corneal ulcers, which are diagnostic of herpetic keratitis.
Correct answer is: HSV-1
Q.4 Which diagnostic stain best highlights dendritic ulcers in herpetic keratitis?
Rose Bengal
Fluorescein
Methylene blue
Trypan blue
Explanation - Fluorescein stain highlights the epithelial defect of dendritic ulcers, making them visible under cobalt blue light.
Correct answer is: Fluorescein
Q.5 Ophthalmia neonatorum caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae typically presents:
Within 2–5 days of birth
Within 1 day of birth
After 2 weeks of birth
After 1 month of birth
Explanation - Gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum usually presents 2–5 days after birth with severe purulent discharge and chemosis.
Correct answer is: Within 2–5 days of birth
Q.6 Which ocular infection is most commonly associated with contact lens wear?
Acanthamoeba keratitis
Herpes keratitis
Fungal keratitis
Trachoma
Explanation - Improper contact lens hygiene increases the risk of Acanthamoeba keratitis, a severe and vision-threatening infection.
Correct answer is: Acanthamoeba keratitis
Q.7 What is the most common cause of viral conjunctivitis?
Adenovirus
Herpes simplex virus
Cytomegalovirus
Varicella-zoster virus
Explanation - Adenoviruses are the leading cause of viral conjunctivitis, often associated with upper respiratory tract infections.
Correct answer is: Adenovirus
Q.8 Which of the following is a hallmark sign of trachoma?
Pannus formation
Hypopyon
Dendritic ulcer
Conjunctival pseudomembrane
Explanation - Trachoma, caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, leads to pannus formation (superficial corneal vascularization) and scarring.
Correct answer is: Pannus formation
Q.9 Which antibiotic is used for prophylaxis against ophthalmia neonatorum?
Erythromycin ointment
Gentamicin drops
Ciprofloxacin drops
Acyclovir ointment
Explanation - Topical erythromycin ointment is routinely used for prophylaxis against ophthalmia neonatorum in newborns.
Correct answer is: Erythromycin ointment
Q.10 Phlyctenular conjunctivitis is most often associated with:
Tuberculosis
Syphilis
Gonorrhea
Chlamydia
Explanation - Phlyctenular conjunctivitis is a hypersensitivity reaction often associated with tuberculosis antigens.
Correct answer is: Tuberculosis
Q.11 Which feature distinguishes viral conjunctivitis from bacterial conjunctivitis?
Serous watery discharge
Purulent discharge
Presence of membranes
Papillae on conjunctiva
Explanation - Viral conjunctivitis typically presents with watery discharge, while bacterial conjunctivitis shows purulent discharge.
Correct answer is: Serous watery discharge
Q.12 Which fungal species is the most common cause of keratitis following trauma with vegetative matter?
Fusarium
Candida
Aspergillus
Cryptococcus
Explanation - Fusarium species are the leading cause of fungal keratitis after trauma with plant material.
Correct answer is: Fusarium
Q.13 A typical feature of adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis is:
Preauricular lymphadenopathy
Hypopyon
Phlyctenules
Dendritic ulcer
Explanation - Adenoviral conjunctivitis often presents with preauricular lymphadenopathy, photophobia, and watery discharge.
Correct answer is: Preauricular lymphadenopathy
Q.14 Which ocular infection is classified as a neglected tropical disease by WHO?
Trachoma
Herpes keratitis
Onchocerciasis
Acanthamoeba keratitis
Explanation - Trachoma, caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, is a neglected tropical disease and a leading cause of preventable blindness.
Correct answer is: Trachoma
Q.15 Which ocular infection is transmitted through blackfly bites?
Onchocerciasis
Trachoma
Toxoplasmosis
Leprosy
Explanation - Onchocerciasis, also known as river blindness, is caused by Onchocerca volvulus transmitted by blackflies.
Correct answer is: Onchocerciasis
Q.16 Which condition presents with a ring-shaped stromal infiltrate in the cornea?
Acanthamoeba keratitis
Herpes keratitis
Bacterial keratitis
Trachoma
Explanation - A ring-shaped stromal infiltrate is characteristic of Acanthamoeba keratitis, especially in contact lens wearers.
Correct answer is: Acanthamoeba keratitis
Q.17 The causative agent of trachoma is:
Chlamydia trachomatis
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Haemophilus influenzae
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Explanation - Chlamydia trachomatis serotypes A–C are responsible for trachoma, the leading infectious cause of blindness worldwide.
Correct answer is: Chlamydia trachomatis
Q.18 In herpes zoster ophthalmicus, the involvement of the nasociliary branch of trigeminal nerve is indicated by:
Hutchinson’s sign
Arlt’s line
Bitot’s spots
Koeppe nodules
Explanation - Hutchinson’s sign is the presence of vesicles on the tip of the nose, suggesting ocular involvement in herpes zoster ophthalmicus.
Correct answer is: Hutchinson’s sign
Q.19 Which of the following is an antifungal agent commonly used in fungal keratitis?
Natamycin
Acyclovir
Ofloxacin
Vancomycin
Explanation - Natamycin 5% suspension is the first-line antifungal agent for filamentous fungal keratitis.
Correct answer is: Natamycin
Q.20 A child presents with follicular conjunctivitis and pannus formation. The likely diagnosis is:
Trachoma
Vernal keratoconjunctivitis
Herpes keratitis
Onchocerciasis
Explanation - Trachoma typically causes follicular conjunctivitis and pannus, leading to corneal scarring.
Correct answer is: Trachoma
Q.21 Which diagnostic test is used for detecting Chlamydia trachomatis in ocular infections?
Giemsa stain
Gram stain
India ink
Ziehl-Neelsen stain
Explanation - Giemsa stain reveals intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies of Chlamydia in conjunctival scrapings.
Correct answer is: Giemsa stain
Q.22 Which condition presents with subconjunctival hemorrhage and pseudomembrane formation?
Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis
Bacterial conjunctivitis
Phlyctenular conjunctivitis
Dry eye disease
Explanation - Adenoviral epidemic keratoconjunctivitis often presents with subconjunctival hemorrhage and pseudomembranes.
Correct answer is: Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis
Q.23 Which ocular infection is caused by Toxoplasma gondii?
Chorioretinitis
Keratitis
Blepharitis
Conjunctivitis
Explanation - Toxoplasma gondii infection typically causes chorioretinitis, especially in congenital infections.
Correct answer is: Chorioretinitis
Q.24 The most common cause of corneal ulcer in India is:
Fungal keratitis
Bacterial keratitis
Acanthamoeba keratitis
Viral keratitis
Explanation - In tropical countries like India, fungal keratitis is the most common cause of corneal ulcers due to agricultural exposure.
Correct answer is: Fungal keratitis
Q.25 Which antibiotic is preferred in Pseudomonas keratitis?
Ciprofloxacin
Erythromycin
Vancomycin
Azithromycin
Explanation - Ciprofloxacin is highly effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a common cause of keratitis in contact lens wearers.
Correct answer is: Ciprofloxacin