Q.1 Which of the following is the most common cause of acute conjunctivitis?
Bacterial infection
Viral infection
Allergic reaction
Chemical exposure
Explanation - Acute conjunctivitis is most often caused by adenoviruses, making viral infection the most common etiology.
Correct answer is: Viral infection
Q.2 Which bacteria is the most common cause of bacterial conjunctivitis?
Staphylococcus aureus
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Explanation - Staphylococcus aureus is the leading bacterial cause of conjunctivitis, especially in adults.
Correct answer is: Staphylococcus aureus
Q.3 A patient presents with redness, watery discharge, and preauricular lymphadenopathy. What is the likely diagnosis?
Bacterial conjunctivitis
Viral conjunctivitis
Allergic conjunctivitis
Chemical conjunctivitis
Explanation - Viral conjunctivitis often presents with watery discharge and preauricular lymph node enlargement, unlike bacterial conjunctivitis.
Correct answer is: Viral conjunctivitis
Q.4 Which of the following conjunctival disorders is characterized by itching as the predominant symptom?
Bacterial conjunctivitis
Viral conjunctivitis
Allergic conjunctivitis
Traumatic conjunctivitis
Explanation - Intense itching is the hallmark feature of allergic conjunctivitis, distinguishing it from infectious types.
Correct answer is: Allergic conjunctivitis
Q.5 Which organism is associated with hyperacute purulent conjunctivitis?
Chlamydia trachomatis
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae
Explanation - Neisseria gonorrhoeae can cause hyperacute conjunctivitis with copious purulent discharge and rapid progression.
Correct answer is: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Q.6 Which type of discharge is most typical of allergic conjunctivitis?
Watery
Purulent
Mucous
Bloody
Explanation - Allergic conjunctivitis typically produces a stringy or mucoid discharge rather than purulent.
Correct answer is: Mucous
Q.7 In trachoma, which organism is responsible?
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Chlamydia trachomatis
Staphylococcus aureus
Herpes simplex virus
Explanation - Trachoma is caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, leading to chronic conjunctivitis and corneal scarring.
Correct answer is: Chlamydia trachomatis
Q.8 Which of the following is a feature of vernal keratoconjunctivitis?
Papillae on upper tarsal conjunctiva
Follicles on lower fornix
Purulent discharge
Preauricular lymphadenopathy
Explanation - Vernal keratoconjunctivitis typically shows giant papillae on the upper tarsal conjunctiva.
Correct answer is: Papillae on upper tarsal conjunctiva
Q.9 The presence of follicles in conjunctivitis indicates:
Bacterial cause
Viral or chlamydial cause
Allergic reaction
Chemical irritation
Explanation - Follicles in conjunctiva are seen in viral and chlamydial conjunctivitis, not in bacterial causes.
Correct answer is: Viral or chlamydial cause
Q.10 Which conjunctival disorder is associated with a cobblestone appearance?
Allergic conjunctivitis
Vernal keratoconjunctivitis
Trachoma
Chemical conjunctivitis
Explanation - Vernal keratoconjunctivitis produces giant papillae resembling a cobblestone appearance on the upper tarsal conjunctiva.
Correct answer is: Vernal keratoconjunctivitis
Q.11 Which vitamin deficiency can cause conjunctival xerosis?
Vitamin A
Vitamin C
Vitamin D
Vitamin B12
Explanation - Vitamin A deficiency can lead to xerosis of the conjunctiva and Bitot's spots.
Correct answer is: Vitamin A
Q.12 Bitot’s spots are seen in deficiency of:
Vitamin A
Vitamin B1
Vitamin C
Vitamin D
Explanation - Bitot’s spots are foamy patches on the conjunctiva due to keratin debris in vitamin A deficiency.
Correct answer is: Vitamin A
Q.13 Which of the following is not a feature of allergic conjunctivitis?
Itching
Mucous discharge
Papillae
Preauricular lymphadenopathy
Explanation - Preauricular lymphadenopathy is more typical of viral conjunctivitis, not allergic conjunctivitis.
Correct answer is: Preauricular lymphadenopathy
Q.14 Which conjunctival condition is a risk factor for squamous cell carcinoma?
Pterygium
Pinguecula
Allergic conjunctivitis
Trachoma
Explanation - Chronic UV exposure causing pterygium increases the risk for conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma.
Correct answer is: Pterygium
Q.15 Which of the following is a benign, yellowish conjunctival degeneration often seen with age?
Pterygium
Pinguecula
Trachoma
Vernal keratoconjunctivitis
Explanation - Pinguecula is a benign conjunctival degeneration presenting as a yellowish nodule near the limbus.
Correct answer is: Pinguecula
Q.16 Which of the following is a wing-shaped fibrovascular growth of conjunctiva encroaching on the cornea?
Pinguecula
Pterygium
Bitot's spot
Conjunctival hemorrhage
Explanation - Pterygium is a triangular, fibrovascular growth from conjunctiva to cornea, often linked to UV exposure.
Correct answer is: Pterygium
Q.17 Which test is most useful to differentiate bacterial from viral conjunctivitis?
Discharge type
Conjunctival swab and culture
Itching severity
Lid swelling
Explanation - Conjunctival swab and culture provide definitive diagnosis between bacterial and viral conjunctivitis.
Correct answer is: Conjunctival swab and culture
Q.18 Ophthalmia neonatorum is most commonly caused by:
Chlamydia trachomatis
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Herpes simplex virus
Staphylococcus aureus
Explanation - Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common cause of ophthalmia neonatorum worldwide.
Correct answer is: Chlamydia trachomatis
Q.19 Which of the following can cause pseudomembranous conjunctivitis?
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Staphylococcus aureus
Herpes simplex virus
Allergen exposure
Explanation - Corynebacterium diphtheriae infection may produce pseudomembranes on the conjunctiva.
Correct answer is: Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Q.20 Which conjunctival condition is most likely associated with atopy?
Vernal keratoconjunctivitis
Trachoma
Pinguecula
Bacterial conjunctivitis
Explanation - Vernal keratoconjunctivitis is strongly associated with atopy and seasonal allergies.
Correct answer is: Vernal keratoconjunctivitis
Q.21 Which of the following causes follicles and is sexually transmitted?
Herpes simplex virus
Chlamydia trachomatis
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Adenovirus
Explanation - Chlamydia trachomatis causes adult inclusion conjunctivitis, a sexually transmitted disease.
Correct answer is: Chlamydia trachomatis
Q.22 Which conjunctival disorder is characterized by hemorrhagic lesions and red eyes during epidemics?
Allergic conjunctivitis
Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis
Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis
Trachoma
Explanation - Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis is caused by enteroviruses and is marked by subconjunctival hemorrhage.
Correct answer is: Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis
Q.23 Inclusion bodies in conjunctival epithelial cells are a hallmark of:
Viral conjunctivitis
Chlamydial conjunctivitis
Allergic conjunctivitis
Trachoma
Explanation - Chlamydial conjunctivitis shows basophilic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in conjunctival epithelial cells.
Correct answer is: Chlamydial conjunctivitis
Q.24 Which of the following conjunctival conditions is most likely to recur after surgical removal?
Pinguecula
Pterygium
Trachoma
Bitot’s spot
Explanation - Pterygium has a high recurrence rate after surgical excision, particularly in young patients.
Correct answer is: Pterygium
Q.25 Which is the first-line treatment for allergic conjunctivitis?
Topical steroids
Topical antihistamines
Topical antibiotics
Artificial tears
Explanation - Topical antihistamines are the first-line therapy for allergic conjunctivitis; steroids are reserved for severe cases.
Correct answer is: Topical antihistamines