Q.1 Which of the following is the most effective public health strategy to reduce maternal mortality?
Promotion of home births
Antenatal care and skilled birth attendance
Use of herbal remedies during pregnancy
Limiting the number of antenatal visits
Explanation - Regular antenatal care and skilled attendance at birth help detect complications early and reduce maternal mortality.
Correct answer is: Antenatal care and skilled birth attendance
Q.2 What is the primary cause of maternal deaths worldwide?
Hemorrhage
Hypertension
Malnutrition
Infections
Explanation - Postpartum hemorrhage is the leading cause of maternal mortality globally.
Correct answer is: Hemorrhage
Q.3 Which vaccination is recommended during pregnancy to prevent neonatal tetanus?
Influenza vaccine
Tdap vaccine
TT (Tetanus Toxoid) vaccine
Hepatitis B vaccine
Explanation - Tetanus toxoid immunization during pregnancy prevents maternal and neonatal tetanus.
Correct answer is: TT (Tetanus Toxoid) vaccine
Q.4 What is the recommended interval between pregnancies to reduce adverse maternal outcomes?
6 months
12 months
18-24 months
36 months
Explanation - Spacing pregnancies by 18-24 months reduces maternal and infant health risks.
Correct answer is: 18-24 months
Q.5 Which of the following is a key component of safe motherhood programs?
Encouraging teenage pregnancies
Skilled birth attendance
Limiting antenatal visits
Restricting access to contraception
Explanation - Skilled birth attendance ensures complications are managed promptly, a core part of safe motherhood initiatives.
Correct answer is: Skilled birth attendance
Q.6 Which public health intervention reduces both maternal and neonatal mortality?
Improving access to emergency obstetric care
Home-based herbal therapies
Reducing antenatal visits
Promoting home births without skilled attendants
Explanation - Access to emergency obstetric care helps manage complications like hemorrhage and eclampsia, reducing mortality.
Correct answer is: Improving access to emergency obstetric care
Q.7 What is the primary public health goal of prenatal care?
Ensure only normal pregnancies continue
Promote maternal health and detect complications early
Reduce the number of antenatal visits
Encourage home births
Explanation - Prenatal care aims to improve maternal and fetal health, and detect complications early for timely intervention.
Correct answer is: Promote maternal health and detect complications early
Q.8 Iron and folic acid supplementation during pregnancy primarily prevents:
Gestational diabetes
Anemia and neural tube defects
Hypertension
Preterm labor
Explanation - Iron prevents maternal anemia, and folic acid prevents neural tube defects in the fetus.
Correct answer is: Anemia and neural tube defects
Q.9 Which of the following is a leading cause of neonatal mortality?
Malaria
Prematurity and birth asphyxia
Tuberculosis
HIV
Explanation - Prematurity and birth asphyxia are major contributors to neonatal deaths globally.
Correct answer is: Prematurity and birth asphyxia
Q.10 Exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months helps in:
Reducing maternal anemia only
Preventing neonatal infections and improving infant nutrition
Increasing risk of neonatal jaundice
Reducing maternal vitamin D levels
Explanation - Exclusive breastfeeding provides optimal nutrition and immunity, reducing neonatal infections.
Correct answer is: Preventing neonatal infections and improving infant nutrition
Q.11 Which strategy is most effective in reducing adolescent pregnancies?
Providing comprehensive sex education and contraception
Banning discussion of sexual health in schools
Promoting early marriage
Limiting access to contraception
Explanation - Comprehensive sexual education and access to contraception reduce adolescent pregnancies and associated risks.
Correct answer is: Providing comprehensive sex education and contraception
Q.12 What is the recommended number of antenatal visits for an uncomplicated pregnancy according to WHO?
4 visits
6 visits
8 visits
10 visits
Explanation - WHO recommends at least 8 antenatal contacts to improve maternal and perinatal outcomes.
Correct answer is: 8 visits
Q.13 Screening for gestational diabetes is important because:
It prevents preeclampsia
It reduces the risk of maternal and fetal complications
It avoids the need for antenatal care
It prevents preterm labor entirely
Explanation - Early detection of gestational diabetes allows interventions that reduce maternal and fetal risks.
Correct answer is: It reduces the risk of maternal and fetal complications
Q.14 Which contraceptive method is most suitable for population-level public health programs?
Long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARC)
Coitus interruptus
Herbal contraceptives
None of the above
Explanation - LARCs are effective, require minimal follow-up, and reduce unintended pregnancies at the population level.
Correct answer is: Long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARC)
Q.15 Which of the following is a primary prevention strategy in reproductive health?
Screening for cervical cancer
Vaccination against HPV
Treatment of ectopic pregnancy
Managing postpartum hemorrhage
Explanation - HPV vaccination prevents cervical cancer before onset, representing primary prevention.
Correct answer is: Vaccination against HPV
Q.16 Preeclampsia screening is a key component of public health because it:
Is always asymptomatic
Allows early intervention to reduce maternal and fetal morbidity
Reduces the need for skilled birth attendance
Is not relevant to maternal outcomes
Explanation - Early detection and management of preeclampsia prevent complications like eclampsia and organ failure.
Correct answer is: Allows early intervention to reduce maternal and fetal morbidity
Q.17 Which indicator is most commonly used to assess maternal health in a population?
Neonatal mortality rate
Maternal mortality ratio
Infant vaccination coverage
Number of home births
Explanation - Maternal mortality ratio is a key indicator of maternal health status and quality of obstetric care.
Correct answer is: Maternal mortality ratio
Q.18 In public health, reducing unmet need for contraception primarily prevents:
Ectopic pregnancy only
Unintended pregnancies and improves maternal health
Preterm labor only
Gestational diabetes only
Explanation - Access to contraception prevents unintended pregnancies and associated maternal morbidity.
Correct answer is: Unintended pregnancies and improves maternal health
Q.19 Which of the following is an example of secondary prevention in obstetrics?
Folic acid supplementation before conception
Screening for anemia during pregnancy
Providing family planning services
Promoting exclusive breastfeeding
Explanation - Secondary prevention involves early detection of disease to prevent complications, like anemia screening in pregnancy.
Correct answer is: Screening for anemia during pregnancy
Q.20 Which factor contributes most to maternal deaths in low-resource settings?
Lack of access to emergency obstetric care
Excessive antenatal visits
High prevalence of cesarean sections
Overuse of contraception
Explanation - Limited access to emergency obstetric services is the leading contributor to maternal mortality in low-resource areas.
Correct answer is: Lack of access to emergency obstetric care
Q.21 Which maternal health program focuses on reducing adolescent pregnancies?
Safe Motherhood Initiative
Adolescent Reproductive Health Program
Expanded Program on Immunization
Malaria Control Program
Explanation - Adolescent reproductive health programs aim to reduce teenage pregnancies and promote safe sexual practices.
Correct answer is: Adolescent Reproductive Health Program
Q.22 Which public health measure helps prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV?
Exclusive breastfeeding without ART
Antenatal ART therapy for HIV-positive mothers
Delaying prenatal care
Using herbal remedies
Explanation - Antiretroviral therapy in HIV-positive pregnant women significantly reduces the risk of vertical transmission.
Correct answer is: Antenatal ART therapy for HIV-positive mothers
Q.23 Which strategy is used in public health to monitor maternal mortality trends?
Verbal autopsy and maternal death surveillance
Promotion of home births
Increasing cesarean sections
Reducing antenatal visits
Explanation - Maternal death surveillance and verbal autopsies help identify causes and improve interventions.
Correct answer is: Verbal autopsy and maternal death surveillance
Q.24 Which micronutrient deficiency is most associated with maternal and perinatal mortality?
Vitamin C
Iron
Calcium
Vitamin D
Explanation - Iron deficiency anemia is linked to increased maternal and perinatal mortality.
Correct answer is: Iron
Q.25 Which intervention is most effective for preventing postpartum hemorrhage?
Active management of the third stage of labor (AMTSL)
Increasing antenatal visits
Bed rest during pregnancy
Folic acid supplementation
Explanation - AMTSL, including uterotonics and controlled cord traction, effectively prevents postpartum hemorrhage.
Correct answer is: Active management of the third stage of labor (AMTSL)