Q.1 Which hormone is primarily responsible for maintaining pregnancy during the first trimester?
Progesterone
Estrogen
Prolactin
Oxytocin
Explanation - Progesterone maintains the endometrium and prevents uterine contractions during early pregnancy.
Correct answer is: Progesterone
Q.2 Which imaging modality is the safest and most commonly used for fetal assessment during pregnancy?
X-ray
MRI
Ultrasound
CT Scan
Explanation - Ultrasound is safe and widely used in pregnancy because it does not involve ionizing radiation.
Correct answer is: Ultrasound
Q.3 Which condition is associated with hypertension, proteinuria, and edema during pregnancy?
Eclampsia
Gestational Diabetes
Pre-eclampsia
Placenta previa
Explanation - Pre-eclampsia is characterized by hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation.
Correct answer is: Pre-eclampsia
Q.4 At what gestational age is the fetal heartbeat usually detected by ultrasound?
4-5 weeks
6-7 weeks
10-12 weeks
14-16 weeks
Explanation - The fetal heartbeat can typically be visualized by transvaginal ultrasound around 6 to 7 weeks.
Correct answer is: 6-7 weeks
Q.5 Which of the following is a risk factor for placenta previa?
Previous cesarean section
Teenage pregnancy
Low BMI
Primigravida
Explanation - Scarring from a previous cesarean increases the risk of placenta previa.
Correct answer is: Previous cesarean section
Q.6 What is the most common cause of maternal mortality worldwide?
Postpartum hemorrhage
Eclampsia
Sepsis
Pulmonary embolism
Explanation - Severe bleeding, especially postpartum hemorrhage, is the leading cause of maternal mortality worldwide.
Correct answer is: Postpartum hemorrhage
Q.7 Which test is used for early screening of gestational diabetes?
HbA1c
Fasting glucose
Oral glucose tolerance test
Random blood sugar
Explanation - The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is the standard screening test for gestational diabetes.
Correct answer is: Oral glucose tolerance test
Q.8 What is the normal duration of a human pregnancy counted from the last menstrual period?
36 weeks
38 weeks
40 weeks
42 weeks
Explanation - The average pregnancy duration is about 40 weeks from the last menstrual period.
Correct answer is: 40 weeks
Q.9 Which vitamin supplementation is crucial to prevent neural tube defects in the fetus?
Vitamin D
Vitamin C
Folic acid
Vitamin B12
Explanation - Folic acid supplementation reduces the risk of neural tube defects when taken preconceptionally and in early pregnancy.
Correct answer is: Folic acid
Q.10 Which fetal presentation is most favorable for vaginal delivery?
Breech
Transverse
Cephalic occiput anterior
Face presentation
Explanation - The occiput anterior position is the most favorable for a smooth vaginal delivery.
Correct answer is: Cephalic occiput anterior
Q.11 Which test is used to assess fetal lung maturity?
Amniotic fluid L/S ratio
Non-stress test
Biophysical profile
Doppler velocimetry
Explanation - The lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio in amniotic fluid is a standard test for fetal lung maturity.
Correct answer is: Amniotic fluid L/S ratio
Q.12 Which condition involves premature separation of the placenta from the uterus?
Placenta previa
Placental abruption
Uterine rupture
Chorioamnionitis
Explanation - Placental abruption is the premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall.
Correct answer is: Placental abruption
Q.13 Which of the following is a sign of fetal distress?
Fetal bradycardia
Fetal hiccups
Fetal movement
Increased amniotic fluid
Explanation - Fetal bradycardia (low heart rate) is a significant indicator of fetal distress.
Correct answer is: Fetal bradycardia
Q.14 What is the recommended daily intake of iron for pregnant women?
10 mg
18 mg
27 mg
40 mg
Explanation - Pregnant women require about 27 mg of iron daily to support increased blood volume and fetal development.
Correct answer is: 27 mg
Q.15 Which fetal monitoring method uses sound waves to measure blood flow in the umbilical artery?
Non-stress test
Biophysical profile
Doppler velocimetry
Amniocentesis
Explanation - Doppler velocimetry measures fetal and placental blood flow using ultrasound.
Correct answer is: Doppler velocimetry
Q.16 Which maternal infection is most strongly associated with congenital anomalies such as cataracts and heart disease?
Toxoplasmosis
Rubella
Cytomegalovirus
Syphilis
Explanation - Congenital rubella syndrome causes defects like cataracts, deafness, and heart malformations.
Correct answer is: Rubella
Q.17 Which maternal condition increases the risk of macrosomia in the fetus?
Anemia
Gestational diabetes
Hypertension
Hypothyroidism
Explanation - Gestational diabetes leads to excessive glucose transfer to the fetus, causing macrosomia.
Correct answer is: Gestational diabetes
Q.18 Which test is commonly performed between 11-14 weeks to assess chromosomal abnormalities?
Quadruple test
Nuchal translucency
Amniocentesis
Chorionic villus sampling
Explanation - Nuchal translucency screening at 11-14 weeks helps assess the risk of Down syndrome and other aneuploidies.
Correct answer is: Nuchal translucency
Q.19 Which drug is contraindicated in pregnancy due to its teratogenic effect?
Paracetamol
Warfarin
Insulin
Amoxicillin
Explanation - Warfarin is teratogenic and can cause fetal anomalies; heparin is safer in pregnancy.
Correct answer is: Warfarin
Q.20 Which maternal blood test is used to detect risk of hemolytic disease of the newborn?
Coombs test
Kleihauer-Betke test
CBC
LFT
Explanation - The indirect Coombs test detects maternal antibodies against fetal red blood cells.
Correct answer is: Coombs test
Q.21 What is the normal range of amniotic fluid index (AFI)?
2–5 cm
5–10 cm
8–18 cm
20–25 cm
Explanation - An AFI of 8–18 cm is considered normal; below this is oligohydramnios, above is polyhydramnios.
Correct answer is: 8–18 cm
Q.22 Which maternal complication is associated with polyhydramnios?
Gestational diabetes
Pre-eclampsia
Anemia
Hypothyroidism
Explanation - Polyhydramnios is commonly associated with gestational diabetes due to fetal polyuria.
Correct answer is: Gestational diabetes
Q.23 Which test is performed around 15–20 weeks for genetic diagnosis?
Nuchal translucency
Amniocentesis
Chorionic villus sampling
Non-stress test
Explanation - Amniocentesis performed at 15–20 weeks allows karyotyping and genetic diagnosis.
Correct answer is: Amniocentesis
Q.24 Which condition is characterized by pruritus and elevated bile acids in pregnancy?
HELLP syndrome
Cholestasis of pregnancy
Eclampsia
Placenta previa
Explanation - Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy causes itching and raised bile acids, especially in the third trimester.
Correct answer is: Cholestasis of pregnancy
Q.25 Which of the following is a common indication for cesarean delivery?
Cephalopelvic disproportion
Gestational anemia
Mild pre-eclampsia
Oligohydramnios
Explanation - Cephalopelvic disproportion is a major indication for cesarean section due to obstructed labor.
Correct answer is: Cephalopelvic disproportion