Q.1 Which organism is the most common cause of bacterial vaginosis?
Gardnerella vaginalis
Candida albicans
Trichomonas vaginalis
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Explanation - Bacterial vaginosis is primarily associated with an overgrowth of Gardnerella vaginalis, disrupting normal vaginal flora.
Correct answer is: Gardnerella vaginalis
Q.2 Which of the following is considered the first-line treatment for uncomplicated vulvovaginal candidiasis?
Metronidazole
Fluconazole
Azithromycin
Ceftriaxone
Explanation - Fluconazole, an oral antifungal, is commonly used as a first-line treatment for uncomplicated vulvovaginal candidiasis.
Correct answer is: Fluconazole
Q.3 Trichomonas vaginalis infection is most accurately diagnosed by which method?
Wet mount microscopy
Pap smear
Gram stain
Culture on blood agar
Explanation - Wet mount microscopy allows direct visualization of motile Trichomonas vaginalis organisms, which is the standard rapid diagnostic method.
Correct answer is: Wet mount microscopy
Q.4 Which of the following is a hallmark symptom of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)?
Lower abdominal pain
Vaginal dryness
Breast tenderness
Headache
Explanation - Lower abdominal pain, often associated with cervical motion tenderness, is a key symptom of PID.
Correct answer is: Lower abdominal pain
Q.5 Neisseria gonorrhoeae primarily infects which part of the female reproductive tract?
Cervix
Ovaries
Uterine wall
Endometrium
Explanation - In females, gonorrhea commonly infects the endocervical canal, leading to cervicitis and potential complications like PID.
Correct answer is: Cervix
Q.6 Which of the following sexually transmitted infections can cause a 'strawberry cervix' appearance?
Trichomoniasis
Chlamydia
Herpes simplex virus
Syphilis
Explanation - Trichomonas vaginalis infection can cause punctate hemorrhages on the cervix, producing the characteristic 'strawberry cervix' appearance.
Correct answer is: Trichomoniasis
Q.7 Chlamydia trachomatis infection in women is often asymptomatic but can lead to which complication if untreated?
Infertility
Osteoporosis
Hypertension
Migraine
Explanation - Untreated chlamydial infections can ascend to cause PID, leading to tubal damage and infertility.
Correct answer is: Infertility
Q.8 Which laboratory test is most sensitive for detecting Chlamydia trachomatis infection?
Nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT)
Gram stain
Culture on blood agar
Wet mount
Explanation - NAAT is highly sensitive and specific for detecting Chlamydia trachomatis in cervical or urine samples.
Correct answer is: Nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT)
Q.9 Bacterial vaginosis is associated with an increased risk of which pregnancy complication?
Preterm labor
Gestational diabetes
Preeclampsia
Hyperemesis gravidarum
Explanation - Bacterial vaginosis can disrupt vaginal flora and has been linked to preterm labor and low birth weight.
Correct answer is: Preterm labor
Q.10 Which of the following infections is typically associated with a thick, white, cottage cheese-like vaginal discharge?
Candidiasis
Trichomoniasis
Bacterial vaginosis
Gonorrhea
Explanation - Vulvovaginal candidiasis often produces a thick, white, curd-like discharge along with pruritus.
Correct answer is: Candidiasis
Q.11 A patient presents with fever, lower abdominal pain, and purulent cervical discharge. Which empiric therapy is most appropriate for PID?
Ceftriaxone plus doxycycline
Fluconazole
Metronidazole only
Amoxicillin
Explanation - Empiric treatment for PID typically covers gonorrhea and chlamydia using ceftriaxone plus doxycycline, sometimes with metronidazole if anaerobic coverage is needed.
Correct answer is: Ceftriaxone plus doxycycline
Q.12 Which sexually transmitted infection is most strongly associated with cervical cancer?
Human papillomavirus (HPV)
Chlamydia trachomatis
Trichomonas vaginalis
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Explanation - Persistent infection with high-risk HPV strains (e.g., 16 and 18) is the primary cause of cervical cancer.
Correct answer is: Human papillomavirus (HPV)
Q.13 Which condition is characterized by an elevated vaginal pH >4.5?
Bacterial vaginosis
Candidiasis
Trichomoniasis
Herpes simplex infection
Explanation - Bacterial vaginosis causes a shift in vaginal flora, raising the vaginal pH above 4.5.
Correct answer is: Bacterial vaginosis
Q.14 Which infection may present with vesicular lesions on the vulva and inguinal lymphadenopathy?
Herpes simplex virus
Candidiasis
Bacterial vaginosis
Trichomoniasis
Explanation - Genital herpes, caused by HSV-1 or HSV-2, typically presents with painful vesicular lesions and regional lymphadenopathy.
Correct answer is: Herpes simplex virus
Q.15 The 'whiff test' is used to help diagnose which gynecologic infection?
Bacterial vaginosis
Candidiasis
Trichomoniasis
Gonorrhea
Explanation - The whiff test involves adding KOH to vaginal discharge; a fishy odor suggests bacterial vaginosis.
Correct answer is: Bacterial vaginosis
Q.16 Which sexually transmitted infection is most likely to be asymptomatic in women but can cause urethritis and infertility?
Chlamydia trachomatis
Trichomonas vaginalis
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
HSV
Explanation - Chlamydia is often silent in women but can ascend to cause PID and tubal factor infertility.
Correct answer is: Chlamydia trachomatis
Q.17 Which of the following infections is a protozoal infection of the female genital tract?
Trichomoniasis
Bacterial vaginosis
Candidiasis
HPV
Explanation - Trichomonas vaginalis is a protozoan parasite causing trichomoniasis, often presenting with frothy discharge and dysuria.
Correct answer is: Trichomoniasis
Q.18 Which laboratory finding is characteristic of bacterial vaginosis?
Clue cells on wet mount
Budding yeast on wet mount
Intracellular gram-negative diplococci
Multinucleated giant cells
Explanation - Clue cells are vaginal epithelial cells coated with bacteria, a hallmark of bacterial vaginosis.
Correct answer is: Clue cells on wet mount
Q.19 Which antifungal is commonly used as a topical treatment for vulvovaginal candidiasis?
Clotrimazole
Metronidazole
Azithromycin
Ceftriaxone
Explanation - Topical azole antifungals like clotrimazole are effective for treating local vulvovaginal candidiasis.
Correct answer is: Clotrimazole
Q.20 Which symptom is least likely to be associated with bacterial vaginosis?
Vaginal itching
Fishy odor
Thin gray discharge
Clue cells
Explanation - Bacterial vaginosis often presents with odor and discharge; itching is less common and more typical of candidiasis.
Correct answer is: Vaginal itching
Q.21 Which test can differentiate between Trichomonas vaginalis and bacterial vaginosis when wet mount is inconclusive?
NAAT
Pap smear
KOH prep
Gram stain
Explanation - Nucleic acid amplification tests can specifically detect Trichomonas DNA and distinguish it from bacterial vaginosis.
Correct answer is: NAAT
Q.22 Which of the following infections is most likely to recur despite standard treatment?
Vulvovaginal candidiasis
Bacterial vaginosis
Trichomoniasis
Gonorrhea
Explanation - Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis occurs in some women due to persistent colonization or predisposing factors.
Correct answer is: Vulvovaginal candidiasis
Q.23 Which of the following is a common complication of untreated gonococcal infection in women?
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Ovarian cysts
Endometriosis
Fibroids
Explanation - Untreated gonorrhea can ascend from the cervix to the upper genital tract, causing PID and potential infertility.
Correct answer is: Pelvic inflammatory disease
Q.24 Which vaccination can reduce the risk of a gynecologic infection-related cancer?
HPV vaccine
Hepatitis B vaccine
MMR vaccine
Tetanus vaccine
Explanation - Vaccination against high-risk HPV strains reduces the risk of cervical and other HPV-related cancers.
Correct answer is: HPV vaccine