Q.1 Which of the following is the most common type of lung cancer in non-smokers?
Adenocarcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Small cell carcinoma
Large cell carcinoma
Explanation - Adenocarcinoma of the lung is the most common subtype in non-smokers and women, often found in the lung periphery.
Correct answer is: Adenocarcinoma
Q.2 Which tumor marker is commonly associated with hepatocellular carcinoma?
CA-125
AFP
CEA
PSA
Explanation - Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is elevated in hepatocellular carcinoma and yolk sac tumors.
Correct answer is: AFP
Q.3 What is the most common childhood malignancy?
Neuroblastoma
Leukemia
Lymphoma
Wilms' tumor
Explanation - Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is the most common childhood malignancy.
Correct answer is: Leukemia
Q.4 Which cancer is most strongly associated with asbestos exposure?
Lung adenocarcinoma
Small cell carcinoma
Mesothelioma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Explanation - Asbestos exposure is classically linked to malignant mesothelioma, though it also increases lung cancer risk.
Correct answer is: Mesothelioma
Q.5 BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations are primarily associated with increased risk of which cancers?
Breast and ovarian
Liver and stomach
Lung and bladder
Colon and prostate
Explanation - Mutations in BRCA1/2 genes greatly increase risk of breast and ovarian cancers.
Correct answer is: Breast and ovarian
Q.6 Which cancer is most often linked to EBV (Epstein-Barr virus)?
Burkitt's lymphoma
Gastric adenocarcinoma
Pancreatic carcinoma
Colon cancer
Explanation - EBV is strongly associated with Burkitt’s lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and some Hodgkin’s lymphomas.
Correct answer is: Burkitt's lymphoma
Q.7 What is the hallmark genetic mutation in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)?
Philadelphia chromosome
JAK2 mutation
MYC translocation
TP53 mutation
Explanation - CML is associated with the Philadelphia chromosome (t9;22) leading to BCR-ABL fusion gene.
Correct answer is: Philadelphia chromosome
Q.8 Which type of skin cancer is most associated with UV radiation exposure?
Basal cell carcinoma
Melanoma
Kaposi’s sarcoma
Merkel cell carcinoma
Explanation - While basal cell carcinoma is most common, melanoma is strongly linked to UV exposure and is the deadliest.
Correct answer is: Melanoma
Q.9 Which of the following cancers is most strongly associated with smoking?
Renal cell carcinoma
Lung cancer
Thyroid cancer
Prostate cancer
Explanation - Smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer, especially squamous and small cell types.
Correct answer is: Lung cancer
Q.10 Which chemotherapy drug is most associated with cardiotoxicity?
Cisplatin
Cyclophosphamide
Doxorubicin
Bleomycin
Explanation - Doxorubicin is an anthracycline with dose-dependent cardiotoxicity.
Correct answer is: Doxorubicin
Q.11 What is the most common site of metastasis for prostate cancer?
Lungs
Liver
Bone
Brain
Explanation - Prostate cancer commonly metastasizes to bones, especially axial skeleton.
Correct answer is: Bone
Q.12 Tumor lysis syndrome is most commonly seen after treatment of which cancer?
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Burkitt’s lymphoma
Pancreatic cancer
Breast cancer
Explanation - Tumor lysis syndrome is most often seen in high-grade lymphomas like Burkitt’s after chemotherapy.
Correct answer is: Burkitt’s lymphoma
Q.13 Which tumor suppressor gene is most commonly mutated in human cancers?
RB
TP53
APC
VHL
Explanation - TP53 mutations are the most frequent across human cancers, impairing apoptosis and DNA repair.
Correct answer is: TP53
Q.14 What is the most common site of metastasis for breast cancer?
Brain
Lung
Bone
Liver
Explanation - Breast cancer commonly spreads to bone, lung, liver, and brain, with bone being most frequent.
Correct answer is: Bone
Q.15 Which lymphoma is associated with Reed-Sternberg cells?
Burkitt’s lymphoma
Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Mantle cell lymphoma
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Explanation - Reed-Sternberg cells are pathognomonic for Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
Correct answer is: Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Q.16 Imatinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor primarily used in which cancer?
CML
AML
ALL
Lung carcinoma
Explanation - Imatinib targets the BCR-ABL fusion protein in chronic myeloid leukemia.
Correct answer is: CML
Q.17 Which of the following is a paraneoplastic syndrome of small cell lung cancer?
Hypercalcemia
SIADH
Cushing’s syndrome
Both SIADH and Cushing’s
Explanation - Small cell lung cancer commonly causes SIADH and ectopic ACTH secretion (Cushing’s).
Correct answer is: Both SIADH and Cushing’s
Q.18 Which virus is most strongly associated with cervical cancer?
HIV
HPV
HBV
EBV
Explanation - Human papillomavirus, especially types 16 and 18, is strongly linked to cervical cancer.
Correct answer is: HPV
Q.19 Which chemotherapy drug is associated with pulmonary fibrosis?
Methotrexate
Bleomycin
Vincristine
Cyclophosphamide
Explanation - Bleomycin can cause dose-dependent pulmonary fibrosis.
Correct answer is: Bleomycin
Q.20 Which tumor marker is commonly elevated in colorectal cancer?
AFP
CA-19-9
CEA
CA-125
Explanation - Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is used for monitoring colorectal cancer recurrence.
Correct answer is: CEA
Q.21 What is the mainstay of treatment for localized prostate cancer?
Radiotherapy
Chemotherapy
Hormonal therapy
Surgery
Explanation - Radical prostatectomy is often the treatment of choice for localized prostate cancer.
Correct answer is: Surgery
Q.22 Which cancer is associated with Bence Jones proteins?
Multiple myeloma
Lymphoma
AML
CML
Explanation - Bence Jones proteins are monoclonal light chains found in urine of multiple myeloma patients.
Correct answer is: Multiple myeloma
Q.23 Which type of cancer is most common in AIDS patients?
Kaposi’s sarcoma
Lung cancer
Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Cervical cancer
Explanation - Kaposi’s sarcoma is strongly associated with HIV/AIDS and HHV-8 infection.
Correct answer is: Kaposi’s sarcoma
Q.24 Which genetic syndrome is associated with colorectal cancer due to APC mutation?
Lynch syndrome
Li-Fraumeni syndrome
FAP
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
Explanation - Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) due to APC mutation leads to colorectal cancer.
Correct answer is: FAP
Q.25 What is the most common type of thyroid cancer?
Papillary carcinoma
Follicular carcinoma
Medullary carcinoma
Anaplastic carcinoma
Explanation - Papillary carcinoma is the most common thyroid cancer and has an excellent prognosis.
Correct answer is: Papillary carcinoma