Q.1 Which of the following is the most common type of anemia worldwide?
Iron deficiency anemia
Megaloblastic anemia
Sickle cell anemia
Aplastic anemia
Explanation - Iron deficiency anemia is the most prevalent anemia worldwide due to inadequate dietary intake, chronic blood loss, or malabsorption.
Correct answer is: Iron deficiency anemia
Q.2 Which vitamin deficiency is most commonly associated with megaloblastic anemia?
Vitamin A
Vitamin B12
Vitamin C
Vitamin D
Explanation - Megaloblastic anemia results from impaired DNA synthesis, most often due to deficiency of Vitamin B12 or folate.
Correct answer is: Vitamin B12
Q.3 Sickle cell disease results from a mutation in which protein?
Albumin
Hemoglobin
Fibrinogen
Myoglobin
Explanation - A point mutation in the β-globin gene leads to abnormal hemoglobin S, which causes red cells to sickle under stress.
Correct answer is: Hemoglobin
Q.4 Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is seen in autoimmune hemolytic anemia?
Type I
Type II
Type III
Type IV
Explanation - Autoimmune hemolytic anemia is a type II hypersensitivity reaction involving antibodies binding to red cell surface antigens.
Correct answer is: Type II
Q.5 What is the primary function of platelets?
Oxygen transport
Blood clotting
Immune defense
Nutrient delivery
Explanation - Platelets aggregate and form a plug at sites of vascular injury, playing a critical role in hemostasis.
Correct answer is: Blood clotting
Q.6 Which blood test is most specific for diagnosing hemophilia A?
Bleeding time
Prothrombin time
Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)
Platelet count
Explanation - Hemophilia A is caused by factor VIII deficiency, which prolongs aPTT while PT and platelet count remain normal.
Correct answer is: Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)
Q.7 Which of the following is a myeloproliferative disorder?
Leukemia
Polycythemia vera
Aplastic anemia
Pernicious anemia
Explanation - Polycythemia vera is a clonal disorder of bone marrow leading to excessive production of red blood cells.
Correct answer is: Polycythemia vera
Q.8 Which clotting factor is deficient in Hemophilia B?
Factor VIII
Factor IX
Factor X
Factor VII
Explanation - Hemophilia B (Christmas disease) results from a deficiency of clotting factor IX.
Correct answer is: Factor IX
Q.9 Which type of white blood cell is primarily involved in allergic reactions?
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Monocytes
Explanation - Eosinophils play a key role in allergic responses and defense against parasitic infections.
Correct answer is: Eosinophils
Q.10 Which test is used to confirm chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)?
Philadelphia chromosome test
Coombs test
ELISA
Mantoux test
Explanation - CML is associated with the presence of the BCR-ABL fusion gene, detected on the Philadelphia chromosome.
Correct answer is: Philadelphia chromosome test
Q.11 Which blood disorder is characterized by pancytopenia and hypocellular bone marrow?
Leukemia
Aplastic anemia
Polycythemia vera
Hemophilia
Explanation - Aplastic anemia involves failure of bone marrow to produce sufficient red cells, white cells, and platelets.
Correct answer is: Aplastic anemia
Q.12 Which type of anemia is common in patients with chronic kidney disease?
Iron deficiency anemia
Megaloblastic anemia
Anemia of chronic disease
Sickle cell anemia
Explanation - Chronic kidney disease leads to reduced erythropoietin production, causing anemia of chronic disease.
Correct answer is: Anemia of chronic disease
Q.13 What is the most common symptom of anemia?
Fever
Fatigue
Cough
Edema
Explanation - Anemia decreases oxygen delivery to tissues, leading to fatigue as the most common presenting symptom.
Correct answer is: Fatigue
Q.14 Which of the following blood disorders is X-linked recessive?
Hemophilia A
Pernicious anemia
Iron deficiency anemia
Thalassemia
Explanation - Hemophilia A is inherited as an X-linked recessive trait, affecting mostly males.
Correct answer is: Hemophilia A
Q.15 Which test is used to detect iron deficiency anemia?
Serum ferritin
Prothrombin time
Bone marrow biopsy
Liver function test
Explanation - Serum ferritin is the best indicator of iron stores in the body and is low in iron deficiency anemia.
Correct answer is: Serum ferritin
Q.16 Which leukemia is most common in children?
Acute myeloid leukemia
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Chronic myeloid leukemia
Explanation - Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common childhood leukemia.
Correct answer is: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Q.17 Which clotting factor is vitamin K dependent?
Factor II
Factor VIII
Factor XI
Factor XII
Explanation - Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of factors II, VII, IX, and X.
Correct answer is: Factor II
Q.18 Which blood disorder is associated with hypersegmented neutrophils?
Iron deficiency anemia
Megaloblastic anemia
Sickle cell anemia
Aplastic anemia
Explanation - Hypersegmented neutrophils are a hallmark finding in megaloblastic anemia due to impaired DNA synthesis.
Correct answer is: Megaloblastic anemia
Q.19 Which hemoglobin type is abnormal in sickle cell anemia?
HbA
HbA2
HbS
HbF
Explanation - Sickle cell anemia is caused by the presence of abnormal hemoglobin S.
Correct answer is: HbS
Q.20 What is the most common cause of thrombocytopenia?
Bone marrow failure
Immune thrombocytopenia
Leukemia
Liver disease
Explanation - Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is the most common cause of isolated low platelet count.
Correct answer is: Immune thrombocytopenia
Q.21 Which drug is used as first-line treatment in chronic myeloid leukemia?
Methotrexate
Imatinib
Prednisone
Cyclophosphamide
Explanation - Imatinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that targets the BCR-ABL fusion protein in CML.
Correct answer is: Imatinib
Q.22 Which blood cell type is elevated in bacterial infections?
Eosinophils
Basophils
Neutrophils
Lymphocytes
Explanation - Neutrophilia is a common response to acute bacterial infection.
Correct answer is: Neutrophils
Q.23 Which condition is characterized by increased hematocrit due to chronic hypoxia?
Polycythemia vera
Secondary polycythemia
Aplastic anemia
Leukemia
Explanation - Secondary polycythemia occurs as a response to chronic hypoxia, such as in COPD or high altitude.
Correct answer is: Secondary polycythemia
Q.24 Which of the following is NOT a typical feature of thalassemia major?
Bone deformities
Splenomegaly
Severe anemia
Increased platelet count
Explanation - Thalassemia major is characterized by anemia, bone deformities, and splenomegaly, not thrombocytosis.
Correct answer is: Increased platelet count
Q.25 Which investigation confirms the diagnosis of sickle cell anemia?
Hemoglobin electrophoresis
Bone marrow biopsy
Peripheral smear
Liver function test
Explanation - Hemoglobin electrophoresis detects HbS and confirms sickle cell anemia.
Correct answer is: Hemoglobin electrophoresis