Q.1 Which of the following is the most common cause of abnormal uterine bleeding in reproductive-aged women?
Endometrial cancer
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
Pregnancy complications
Uterine fibroids
Explanation - Uterine fibroids (leiomyomas) are the most common cause of abnormal uterine bleeding in women of reproductive age, though PCOS can also cause irregular cycles.
Correct answer is: Uterine fibroids
Q.2 Which vaccine is recommended during each pregnancy to protect newborns from pertussis?
MMR
Tdap
HPV
Varicella
Explanation - Tdap vaccination during each pregnancy (usually between 27-36 weeks) helps protect the newborn from pertussis.
Correct answer is: Tdap
Q.3 At what age is it recommended for women to begin routine cervical cancer screening with Pap smear?
18 years
21 years
25 years
30 years
Explanation - Routine cervical cancer screening with Pap smear should begin at age 21, regardless of sexual activity.
Correct answer is: 21 years
Q.4 Which of the following is a first-line treatment for bacterial vaginosis in non-pregnant women?
Metronidazole
Fluconazole
Acyclovir
Clindamycin ointment
Explanation - Oral or vaginal metronidazole is the first-line therapy for bacterial vaginosis in non-pregnant women.
Correct answer is: Metronidazole
Q.5 Which hormone is primarily responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics in females during puberty?
Testosterone
Progesterone
Estrogen
Cortisol
Explanation - Estrogen is the main hormone driving the development of secondary sexual characteristics in females, such as breast development and pubic hair growth.
Correct answer is: Estrogen
Q.6 What is the most common cause of amenorrhea in adolescent females?
Pregnancy
Hypothalamic dysfunction
PCOS
Thyroid disease
Explanation - Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea due to stress, weight loss, or excessive exercise is the most common cause in adolescents.
Correct answer is: Hypothalamic dysfunction
Q.7 Which contraceptive method is most effective at preventing pregnancy?
Oral contraceptive pill
Condom
Copper IUD
Withdrawal method
Explanation - Long-acting reversible contraceptives like the copper IUD have the highest effectiveness among commonly used methods.
Correct answer is: Copper IUD
Q.8 Which symptom is characteristic of premenstrual syndrome (PMS)?
Persistent fever
Mood swings
Hematuria
Visual hallucinations
Explanation - PMS commonly causes mood swings, irritability, bloating, and breast tenderness before menstruation.
Correct answer is: Mood swings
Q.9 During pregnancy, which vitamin supplementation is recommended to prevent neural tube defects?
Vitamin A
Folic acid
Vitamin C
Vitamin D
Explanation - Folic acid supplementation (400–800 mcg daily) before conception and during early pregnancy significantly reduces the risk of neural tube defects.
Correct answer is: Folic acid
Q.10 Which screening test is recommended for all pregnant women at 24–28 weeks of gestation?
HIV screening
Glucose tolerance test
Pap smear
Mammogram
Explanation - Screening for gestational diabetes using a glucose tolerance test is recommended for all pregnant women between 24 and 28 weeks.
Correct answer is: Glucose tolerance test
Q.11 Which condition is characterized by absence of menstruation by age 15 with normal secondary sexual characteristics?
Primary amenorrhea
Secondary amenorrhea
Menorrhagia
Dysmenorrhea
Explanation - Primary amenorrhea refers to the absence of menarche by age 15 in girls who have normal secondary sexual characteristics.
Correct answer is: Primary amenorrhea
Q.12 Which sexually transmitted infection is most commonly associated with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)?
Chlamydia trachomatis
HSV-2
HPV
HIV
Explanation - Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae are the leading causes of PID in women of reproductive age.
Correct answer is: Chlamydia trachomatis
Q.13 What is the recommended interval for mammography in women at average risk starting at age 40?
Every year
Every 2 years
Every 5 years
Only when symptomatic
Explanation - Current guidelines recommend screening mammography every 2 years for women at average risk starting at age 40.
Correct answer is: Every 2 years
Q.14 Which condition is defined by painful menstruation without an underlying pelvic pathology?
Secondary dysmenorrhea
Primary dysmenorrhea
Endometriosis
Fibroids
Explanation - Primary dysmenorrhea is menstrual pain without an identifiable underlying pelvic pathology, typically starting in adolescence.
Correct answer is: Primary dysmenorrhea
Q.15 Which hormone surge triggers ovulation in a normal menstrual cycle?
FSH
LH
Estrogen
Progesterone
Explanation - A surge in luteinizing hormone (LH) triggers ovulation around day 14 in a typical 28-day menstrual cycle.
Correct answer is: LH
Q.16 Which of the following is considered the most reliable method for diagnosing menopause?
Hot flashes
Amenorrhea for 12 months
FSH levels
LH levels
Explanation - Menopause is clinically diagnosed after 12 consecutive months of amenorrhea in the absence of other causes.
Correct answer is: Amenorrhea for 12 months
Q.17 Which lifestyle modification is first-line in managing mild premenstrual syndrome?
Exercise and stress reduction
Hormonal therapy
Surgery
Antibiotics
Explanation - Lifestyle modifications, including regular exercise, stress management, and diet adjustments, are first-line for mild PMS.
Correct answer is: Exercise and stress reduction
Q.18 Which is the most common site of ectopic pregnancy?
Ovary
Fallopian tube
Cervix
Abdominal cavity
Explanation - About 95% of ectopic pregnancies occur in the fallopian tube, most commonly in the ampullary portion.
Correct answer is: Fallopian tube
Q.19 Which condition is associated with hirsutism, irregular menses, and polycystic ovaries on ultrasound?
Turner syndrome
PCOS
Cushing syndrome
Hyperprolactinemia
Explanation - Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) presents with hyperandrogenism (hirsutism), chronic anovulation, and polycystic ovaries on imaging.
Correct answer is: PCOS
Q.20 Which test is recommended for detecting osteoporosis in postmenopausal women?
DEXA scan
X-ray
MRI
CT scan
Explanation - Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) is the gold standard for assessing bone mineral density and diagnosing osteoporosis.
Correct answer is: DEXA scan
Q.21 Which infection is commonly screened during early pregnancy to prevent congenital defects?
Rubella
HIV
Syphilis
All of the above
Explanation - Pregnant women are routinely screened for rubella, HIV, and syphilis to prevent congenital transmission and complications.
Correct answer is: All of the above
Q.22 Which of the following is a common side effect of combined oral contraceptives?
Weight loss
Nausea
Amenorrhea
Osteoporosis
Explanation - Nausea, breast tenderness, and mild headaches are common side effects of combined oral contraceptive pills.
Correct answer is: Nausea
Q.23 Which diagnostic test is definitive for confirming menopause?
FSH >40 IU/L
Estradiol <20 pg/mL
Amenorrhea for 12 months
LH >30 IU/L
Explanation - Menopause is diagnosed clinically by 12 consecutive months of amenorrhea, independent of lab values, though FSH may support the diagnosis.
Correct answer is: Amenorrhea for 12 months
Q.24 Which of the following is the first-line pharmacologic treatment for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women?
Bisphosphonates
Calcium supplements
Estrogen therapy
Vitamin D injections
Explanation - Bisphosphonates are first-line pharmacologic therapy for preventing fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.
Correct answer is: Bisphosphonates