Q.1 Which of the following is the most important lifestyle modification for managing type 2 diabetes?
Weight reduction
Increased salt intake
Excessive carbohydrate intake
Sedentary lifestyle
Explanation - Weight reduction through diet and exercise improves insulin sensitivity and helps control blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes.
Correct answer is: Weight reduction
Q.2 What is the target blood pressure for most patients with hypertension according to guidelines?
160/100 mmHg
150/90 mmHg
140/90 mmHg
180/110 mmHg
Explanation - Most guidelines recommend a target blood pressure of below 140/90 mmHg for the majority of patients.
Correct answer is: 140/90 mmHg
Q.3 Which of the following is a common long-term complication of poorly controlled diabetes?
Pneumonia
Diabetic nephropathy
Asthma
Peptic ulcer disease
Explanation - Diabetic nephropathy is a microvascular complication of poorly controlled diabetes and can lead to chronic kidney disease.
Correct answer is: Diabetic nephropathy
Q.4 Which dietary component should be restricted in chronic kidney disease?
Protein
Carbohydrates
Fats
Fiber
Explanation - Protein restriction helps reduce the progression of chronic kidney disease by lowering the kidney's workload.
Correct answer is: Protein
Q.5 Which class of drugs is considered first-line therapy in hypertension management?
Antibiotics
ACE inhibitors
Antidepressants
Antihistamines
Explanation - ACE inhibitors are commonly used as first-line drugs in hypertension, especially in patients with diabetes or chronic kidney disease.
Correct answer is: ACE inhibitors
Q.6 What is the primary goal of asthma management in family medicine?
Symptom control and prevention of exacerbations
Curing the disease
Avoiding inhalers
Using antibiotics regularly
Explanation - Asthma is a chronic condition; the main goal is to control symptoms and prevent acute attacks.
Correct answer is: Symptom control and prevention of exacerbations
Q.7 Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for coronary artery disease?
Smoking
Diabetes mellitus
Hypertension
Regular exercise
Explanation - Exercise reduces cardiovascular risk; smoking, diabetes, and hypertension are risk factors for coronary artery disease.
Correct answer is: Regular exercise
Q.8 In patients with COPD, which intervention has been shown to improve survival?
Antibiotics
Long-term oxygen therapy
Corticosteroid inhalers
Cough syrups
Explanation - Long-term oxygen therapy has been shown to improve survival in patients with severe COPD and chronic hypoxemia.
Correct answer is: Long-term oxygen therapy
Q.9 Which HbA1c level is generally considered diagnostic for diabetes?
5.0%
6.5%
7.5%
8.0%
Explanation - An HbA1c of 6.5% or higher is diagnostic of diabetes mellitus.
Correct answer is: 6.5%
Q.10 Which of the following is a non-pharmacological intervention for hypertension?
Salt restriction
Alcohol excess
Smoking
Sedentary lifestyle
Explanation - Reducing salt intake lowers blood pressure and is a recommended lifestyle modification.
Correct answer is: Salt restriction
Q.11 Which chronic disease is characterized by progressive airflow limitation?
Asthma
COPD
Tuberculosis
Pneumonia
Explanation - COPD is defined by irreversible airflow limitation, often caused by smoking and environmental factors.
Correct answer is: COPD
Q.12 Which of the following vaccines is recommended for patients with chronic liver disease?
Hepatitis B vaccine
Varicella vaccine
HPV vaccine
Rabies vaccine
Explanation - Hepatitis B vaccination is important in chronic liver disease to prevent further hepatic injury.
Correct answer is: Hepatitis B vaccine
Q.13 What is the most effective non-drug therapy for obesity management?
Crash dieting
Regular exercise and diet modification
Fasting without supervision
Taking herbal supplements
Explanation - Sustainable lifestyle changes like exercise and balanced diet are the most effective approaches for weight management.
Correct answer is: Regular exercise and diet modification
Q.14 In heart failure, which class of medication improves survival?
NSAIDs
Beta-blockers
Antibiotics
Sedatives
Explanation - Beta-blockers reduce mortality and improve survival in patients with chronic heart failure.
Correct answer is: Beta-blockers
Q.15 Which of the following is a typical symptom of hypothyroidism?
Weight loss
Heat intolerance
Bradycardia
Tremors
Explanation - Hypothyroidism is associated with bradycardia, cold intolerance, and weight gain due to a slowed metabolism.
Correct answer is: Bradycardia
Q.16 Which measure is most important in secondary prevention of myocardial infarction?
Beta-blocker therapy
Iron supplements
High-sugar diet
Sedentary lifestyle
Explanation - Beta-blockers reduce recurrent myocardial infarction risk and are essential in secondary prevention.
Correct answer is: Beta-blocker therapy
Q.17 Which test is commonly used to monitor long-term glucose control in diabetics?
Random blood glucose
Fasting blood glucose
HbA1c
Oral glucose tolerance test
Explanation - HbA1c reflects average glucose levels over 2–3 months and is used to monitor diabetes control.
Correct answer is: HbA1c
Q.18 What is the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide?
Hepatitis C
Alcoholic liver disease
Hepatitis B
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Explanation - With rising obesity and diabetes, NAFLD has become the most common cause of chronic liver disease globally.
Correct answer is: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Q.19 What is the primary goal of chronic disease management in family medicine?
Complete cure of all conditions
Improving quality of life and reducing complications
Avoiding medications
Hospitalization for all cases
Explanation - Chronic disease management focuses on long-term care, minimizing complications, and enhancing quality of life.
Correct answer is: Improving quality of life and reducing complications
Q.20 Which chronic disease is strongly associated with smoking?
COPD
Diabetes
Hypothyroidism
Peptic ulcer disease
Explanation - Smoking is the leading risk factor for COPD, causing progressive, irreversible lung damage.
Correct answer is: COPD
Q.21 In patients with chronic hypertension, what organ is commonly affected long-term?
Kidneys
Skin
Bones
Eyes
Explanation - Chronic hypertension can lead to hypertensive nephropathy, causing chronic kidney disease.
Correct answer is: Kidneys
Q.22 What is the first-line treatment for hypothyroidism?
Insulin
Levothyroxine
Corticosteroids
Radioiodine therapy
Explanation - Levothyroxine is the synthetic thyroid hormone replacement used in hypothyroidism management.
Correct answer is: Levothyroxine
Q.23 Which of the following is the best diagnostic test for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
Chest X-ray
Spirometry
Arterial blood gases
CT scan
Explanation - Spirometry is the gold standard test for diagnosing COPD by measuring airflow obstruction.
Correct answer is: Spirometry
Q.24 Which chronic condition requires regular INR monitoring?
Asthma
COPD
Patients on warfarin therapy
Diabetes
Explanation - Warfarin therapy requires INR monitoring to prevent clotting or bleeding complications.
Correct answer is: Patients on warfarin therapy
Q.25 Which lifestyle intervention is most effective in preventing type 2 diabetes?
Regular exercise and healthy diet
High-sugar diet
Increased alcohol intake
Skipping breakfast
Explanation - Exercise and a balanced diet are proven to reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
Correct answer is: Regular exercise and healthy diet