Q.1 Which surgical procedure is commonly performed for chronic rhinosinusitis not responding to medical therapy?
Septoplasty
Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS)
Tonsillectomy
Turbinate cauterization
Explanation - FESS is the standard procedure for chronic rhinosinusitis resistant to medical management, allowing targeted removal of diseased tissue.
Correct answer is: Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS)
Q.2 Septoplasty is primarily indicated for which condition?
Chronic otitis media
Deviated nasal septum
Nasal polyp
Epistaxis
Explanation - Septoplasty corrects a deviated nasal septum to improve nasal airflow and relieve obstruction.
Correct answer is: Deviated nasal septum
Q.3 What is the main surgical treatment for nasal polyposis?
Rhinoplasty
Endoscopic polypectomy
Caldwell-Luc surgery
Septal perforation repair
Explanation - Endoscopic polypectomy with or without FESS is the preferred surgical management for nasal polyps.
Correct answer is: Endoscopic polypectomy
Q.4 Which instrument is essential in Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS)?
Laryngoscope
Nasal endoscope
Otoscope
Bronchoscope
Explanation - Nasal endoscope provides visualization of the nasal cavity and sinuses during FESS.
Correct answer is: Nasal endoscope
Q.5 The Caldwell-Luc procedure provides access to which sinus?
Frontal
Ethmoid
Maxillary
Sphenoid
Explanation - Caldwell-Luc surgery gives surgical access to the maxillary sinus via the canine fossa.
Correct answer is: Maxillary
Q.6 Which complication is most associated with septoplasty?
Septal hematoma
Facial nerve palsy
Tracheal stenosis
Otitis externa
Explanation - Septal hematoma can occur after septoplasty due to injury to septal blood vessels.
Correct answer is: Septal hematoma
Q.7 Which surgical procedure corrects external nasal deformities?
Rhinoplasty
Septoplasty
FESS
Conchoplasty
Explanation - Rhinoplasty involves reconstruction or cosmetic correction of the external nose.
Correct answer is: Rhinoplasty
Q.8 Endoscopic DCR (Dacryocystorhinostomy) is performed for obstruction of which duct?
Parotid duct
Nasolacrimal duct
Submandibular duct
Eustachian tube
Explanation - Endoscopic DCR bypasses the obstructed nasolacrimal duct to restore tear drainage.
Correct answer is: Nasolacrimal duct
Q.9 Which approach is preferred for frontal sinus surgery today?
External approach
Endoscopic approach
Transoral approach
Caldwell-Luc approach
Explanation - Endoscopic sinus surgery is minimally invasive and has replaced many external approaches for frontal sinus disease.
Correct answer is: Endoscopic approach
Q.10 Radiofrequency ablation of turbinates is mainly done to treat:
Epistaxis
Nasal obstruction
Frontal sinusitis
Deviated septum
Explanation - Radiofrequency ablation reduces turbinate hypertrophy, relieving nasal obstruction.
Correct answer is: Nasal obstruction
Q.11 Which sinus is most commonly involved in chronic sinusitis requiring surgery?
Frontal sinus
Sphenoid sinus
Maxillary sinus
Ethmoid sinus
Explanation - The maxillary sinus is the most commonly affected in chronic sinusitis and frequently addressed in surgery.
Correct answer is: Maxillary sinus
Q.12 The Killian’s incision is used in:
Septoplasty
Rhinoplasty
Caldwell-Luc surgery
Tonsillectomy
Explanation - Killian’s incision is a common mucosal incision used to access the septum during septoplasty.
Correct answer is: Septoplasty
Q.13 Which of the following is a contraindication for FESS?
Extensive sinonasal polyposis
Acute fulminant sinus infection
Chronic sinusitis
Allergic fungal sinusitis
Explanation - Acute infection is a contraindication to FESS due to high risk of complications.
Correct answer is: Acute fulminant sinus infection
Q.14 Endoscopic sinus surgery reduces the risk of which complication compared to open surgery?
Facial scar
Septal perforation
Nasal synechiae
Epistaxis
Explanation - Endoscopic approaches avoid external incisions, preventing visible facial scars.
Correct answer is: Facial scar
Q.15 What is the primary goal of sinus surgery?
Remove mucosa
Restore ventilation and drainage
Correct external deformity
Prevent otitis media
Explanation - Sinus surgery aims to re-establish ventilation and mucociliary clearance, not to remove all mucosa.
Correct answer is: Restore ventilation and drainage
Q.16 Which artery is commonly ligated in surgical management of posterior epistaxis?
Anterior ethmoidal artery
Sphenopalatine artery
Facial artery
Maxillary artery
Explanation - The sphenopalatine artery is the main supply to the posterior nasal cavity and is ligated in severe epistaxis.
Correct answer is: Sphenopalatine artery
Q.17 Which complication is specific to transnasal endoscopic pituitary surgery?
Septal perforation
CSF leak
Turbinate hypertrophy
Otitis media
Explanation - Transnasal endoscopic pituitary surgery may breach dura, causing cerebrospinal fluid leak.
Correct answer is: CSF leak
Q.18 Which surgical procedure widens the natural ostium of the maxillary sinus?
Middle meatal antrostomy
Caldwell-Luc
Frontoethmoidectomy
Sphenoidotomy
Explanation - Middle meatal antrostomy enlarges the natural ostium of the maxillary sinus for drainage.
Correct answer is: Middle meatal antrostomy
Q.19 Which nerve is at risk during ethmoidectomy?
Optic nerve
Facial nerve
Abducens nerve
Trochlear nerve
Explanation - The optic nerve runs close to the posterior ethmoid sinus and may be injured during surgery.
Correct answer is: Optic nerve
Q.20 Balloon sinuplasty is mainly used for:
Septal deviation
Acute rhinitis
Chronic sinusitis
Adenoid hypertrophy
Explanation - Balloon sinuplasty dilates sinus ostia and is indicated in selected cases of chronic sinusitis.
Correct answer is: Chronic sinusitis
Q.21 The transnasal endoscopic approach is most commonly used for removal of:
Vestibular schwannoma
Pituitary adenoma
Meningioma
Glomus jugulare tumor
Explanation - Pituitary adenomas are frequently removed using a transnasal endoscopic approach.
Correct answer is: Pituitary adenoma
Q.22 Which structure forms the surgical landmark for sphenoidotomy?
Uncinate process
Middle turbinate
Superior turbinate
Inferior turbinate
Explanation - The sphenoid ostium is located medial to the superior turbinate and used as a landmark during sphenoidotomy.
Correct answer is: Superior turbinate
Q.23 Which surgical method is preferred in recurrent anterior epistaxis unresponsive to cautery?
Septoplasty
Endoscopic sphenopalatine artery ligation
Caldwell-Luc surgery
Turbinectomy
Explanation - Ligation of the sphenopalatine artery is an effective surgical option for recurrent severe epistaxis.
Correct answer is: Endoscopic sphenopalatine artery ligation
Q.24 Which sinus has the closest anatomical relation to the orbit, increasing surgical risk?
Maxillary
Frontal
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
Explanation - The thin lamina papyracea separates the ethmoid sinus from the orbit, making surgery risky.
Correct answer is: Ethmoid
Q.25 During endoscopic sinus surgery, injury to the lamina papyracea may cause:
Diplopia
Meningitis
Otalgia
Epistaxis
Explanation - Orbital injury due to lamina papyracea damage may lead to extraocular muscle dysfunction and diplopia.
Correct answer is: Diplopia