Q.1 Which of the following is the primary purpose of myringotomy?
To repair ossicular chain
To drain middle ear fluid
To treat tinnitus
To correct deviated septum
Explanation - Myringotomy involves making a small incision in the tympanic membrane to allow drainage of fluid from the middle ear, often followed by grommet insertion.
Correct answer is: To drain middle ear fluid
Q.2 What is the main indication for tympanoplasty?
Sensorineural hearing loss
Perforated tympanic membrane
Acoustic neuroma
Otitis externa
Explanation - Tympanoplasty is performed to close a perforation of the tympanic membrane and restore hearing function.
Correct answer is: Perforated tympanic membrane
Q.3 In stapedectomy, which bone is primarily operated on?
Incus
Stapes
Malleus
Cochlea
Explanation - Stapedectomy involves removing part or all of the stapes bone and replacing it with a prosthesis to treat otosclerosis.
Correct answer is: Stapes
Q.4 What is the usual material used for ossicular chain prosthesis?
Titanium
Silicon
Gold
Ceramic
Explanation - Titanium prostheses are commonly used due to their biocompatibility, stability, and good sound conduction.
Correct answer is: Titanium
Q.5 Which anesthesia is commonly used for myringotomy in children?
Local anesthesia
General anesthesia
Regional block
No anesthesia required
Explanation - General anesthesia is preferred in children to ensure immobility and comfort during the procedure.
Correct answer is: General anesthesia
Q.6 Mastoidectomy is performed mainly to:
Relieve sinusitis
Remove infected mastoid air cells
Treat nasal polyps
Improve olfaction
Explanation - Mastoidectomy is indicated to eradicate disease from mastoid air cells in chronic otitis media and mastoiditis.
Correct answer is: Remove infected mastoid air cells
Q.7 Cochlear implantation is used in patients with:
Conductive hearing loss
Sensorineural hearing loss
Mixed hearing loss
Central auditory processing disorder
Explanation - Cochlear implants bypass damaged cochlear hair cells and directly stimulate the auditory nerve in cases of severe sensorineural loss.
Correct answer is: Sensorineural hearing loss
Q.8 Which type of tympanoplasty involves reconstruction of both the tympanic membrane and ossicles?
Type I
Type II
Type III
Type IV
Explanation - Type II tympanoplasty involves repair of the tympanic membrane with ossicular reconstruction.
Correct answer is: Type II
Q.9 The common complication of stapedectomy is:
Facial nerve injury
Septal perforation
Loss of smell
Vocal cord paralysis
Explanation - Due to proximity of the facial nerve canal, accidental injury during stapedectomy may occur, though rare.
Correct answer is: Facial nerve injury
Q.10 Insertion of grommets is primarily indicated in:
Chronic otitis externa
Otitis media with effusion
Tympanic membrane perforation
Otosclerosis
Explanation - Grommet insertion helps ventilate the middle ear and prevent fluid accumulation in otitis media with effusion.
Correct answer is: Otitis media with effusion
Q.11 What is the primary approach in cochlear implantation?
Transcanal
Retroauricular
Endoscopic transnasal
Submandibular
Explanation - Cochlear implants are typically inserted via a retroauricular incision and mastoidectomy approach.
Correct answer is: Retroauricular
Q.12 Which surgical procedure corrects otosclerosis?
Myringoplasty
Stapedectomy
Mastoidectomy
Labyrinthectomy
Explanation - Stapedectomy replaces the fixed stapes with a prosthesis to improve hearing in otosclerosis.
Correct answer is: Stapedectomy
Q.13 Which nerve is most at risk during mastoidectomy?
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Facial nerve
Hypoglossal nerve
Vagus nerve
Explanation - The facial nerve runs close to the middle ear and mastoid, making it vulnerable during mastoidectomy.
Correct answer is: Facial nerve
Q.14 Which imaging modality is most useful before cochlear implantation?
CT scan temporal bone
X-ray mastoid
Ultrasound ear
PET scan
Explanation - CT scan of the temporal bone is essential to evaluate cochlear patency and rule out malformations.
Correct answer is: CT scan temporal bone
Q.15 Meatoplasty is done to:
Widen the ear canal
Close perforation
Remove cholesteatoma
Stabilize ossicles
Explanation - Meatoplasty enlarges the external auditory meatus, often after canal wall down mastoidectomy.
Correct answer is: Widen the ear canal
Q.16 Which of the following is a contraindication for stapedectomy?
Bilateral otosclerosis
Poor cochlear reserve
Normal tympanic membrane
Mild conductive loss
Explanation - Stapedectomy is not beneficial in cases where cochlear function is severely impaired.
Correct answer is: Poor cochlear reserve
Q.17 Canaloplasty is performed for:
Narrow external auditory canal
Cholesteatoma
Otosclerosis
Tympanic membrane perforation
Explanation - Canaloplasty widens a congenitally or acquired narrow ear canal to improve hearing and ventilation.
Correct answer is: Narrow external auditory canal
Q.18 Labyrinthectomy is performed in cases of:
Chronic sinusitis
Intractable vertigo
Conductive hearing loss
Acute otitis externa
Explanation - Labyrinthectomy removes or destroys the labyrinth, usually as a last resort for uncontrolled vertigo.
Correct answer is: Intractable vertigo
Q.19 Which procedure involves removal of cholesteatoma?
Mastoidectomy
Myringotomy
Septoplasty
Cochleostomy
Explanation - Cholesteatoma is usually managed surgically with mastoidectomy to prevent complications.
Correct answer is: Mastoidectomy
Q.20 The success of tympanoplasty is best evaluated by:
Tuning fork test
Audiometry
CT scan
Otoscopy alone
Explanation - Hearing improvement post-tympanoplasty is assessed using pure tone audiometry.
Correct answer is: Audiometry
Q.21 Which is NOT an otology procedure?
Mastoidectomy
Stapedectomy
Tympanoplasty
Septoplasty
Explanation - Septoplasty is a nasal procedure, not related to otology.
Correct answer is: Septoplasty
Q.22 Which surgical approach is commonly used for acoustic neuroma removal?
Retrosigmoid
Submandibular
Transseptal
Frontal craniotomy
Explanation - The retrosigmoid approach provides access to the cerebellopontine angle for acoustic neuroma removal.
Correct answer is: Retrosigmoid
Q.23 Which graft material is most commonly used in tympanoplasty?
Fat
Temporalis fascia
Cartilage from nasal septum
Skin graft
Explanation - Temporalis fascia is widely used for tympanic membrane grafting due to availability and durability.
Correct answer is: Temporalis fascia
Q.24 The primary complication of cochlear implantation is:
Device extrusion
Glaucoma
Tonsillitis
Sinus infection
Explanation - Cochlear implants may rarely extrude due to infection or improper healing.
Correct answer is: Device extrusion
Q.25 What is the primary aim of canal wall down mastoidectomy?
Cosmetic improvement
Disease eradication
Eustachian tube opening
Hearing preservation only
Explanation - Canal wall down mastoidectomy aims to completely remove disease, particularly cholesteatoma.
Correct answer is: Disease eradication