Q.1 Which structure is most commonly deviated in a deviated nasal septum?
Ethmoid bone
Vomer bone
Nasal cartilage
Maxilla
Explanation - Deviated nasal septum usually occurs due to deviation of the cartilaginous part of the septum, particularly the quadrangular cartilage.
Correct answer is: Nasal cartilage
Q.2 The most common cause of epistaxis in children is:
Hypertension
Bleeding disorders
Trauma to Little’s area
Nasal tumors
Explanation - Anterior epistaxis from Little’s area (Kiesselbach’s plexus) is the most common cause of nosebleeds in children due to frequent nose-picking.
Correct answer is: Trauma to Little’s area
Q.3 Allergic rhinitis is most often mediated by which immunoglobulin?
IgA
IgE
IgG
IgM
Explanation - Allergic rhinitis is an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction causing nasal symptoms.
Correct answer is: IgE
Q.4 Which organism is most commonly responsible for acute bacterial sinusitis?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Explanation - Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common bacterial pathogen causing acute bacterial sinusitis.
Correct answer is: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Q.5 Which of the following is NOT a paranasal sinus?
Frontal
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
Mastoid
Explanation - The mastoid air cells are part of the temporal bone, not the paranasal sinuses.
Correct answer is: Mastoid
Q.6 Which nerve supplies sensation to the nasal cavity?
Trigeminal nerve
Facial nerve
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Hypoglossal nerve
Explanation - The trigeminal nerve (V1 and V2 branches) provides sensory innervation to the nasal cavity.
Correct answer is: Trigeminal nerve
Q.7 What is the hallmark symptom of allergic rhinitis?
Unilateral nasal obstruction
Purulent nasal discharge
Watery rhinorrhea and sneezing
Facial swelling
Explanation - Allergic rhinitis is characterized by watery nasal discharge, sneezing, and nasal itching.
Correct answer is: Watery rhinorrhea and sneezing
Q.8 The gold standard imaging for chronic rhinosinusitis is:
X-ray paranasal sinuses
MRI brain
CT paranasal sinuses
Ultrasound
Explanation - CT of the paranasal sinuses provides detailed evaluation of sinus anatomy and pathology in chronic rhinosinusitis.
Correct answer is: CT paranasal sinuses
Q.9 Which artery is most commonly involved in posterior epistaxis?
Anterior ethmoidal artery
Sphenopalatine artery
Facial artery
Maxillary artery
Explanation - The sphenopalatine artery is the main vessel involved in posterior epistaxis, which is more severe than anterior epistaxis.
Correct answer is: Sphenopalatine artery
Q.10 Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of sinusitis?
Facial pain
Nasal obstruction
Anosmia
Hearing loss
Explanation - Hearing loss is not a common symptom of sinusitis; it is more associated with ear disorders.
Correct answer is: Hearing loss
Q.11 Septoplasty is primarily performed to treat:
Chronic sinusitis
Nasal polyps
Deviated nasal septum
Epistaxis
Explanation - Septoplasty is a surgical correction for a deviated nasal septum causing obstruction.
Correct answer is: Deviated nasal septum
Q.12 Which of the following is a risk factor for nasal polyps?
Asthma
Otitis media
Hypertension
Migraine
Explanation - Nasal polyps are commonly associated with asthma, aspirin sensitivity, and chronic rhinosinusitis.
Correct answer is: Asthma
Q.13 The nasal cycle refers to:
Alternating congestion of nasal passages
Continuous airflow in both nostrils
Sneezing reflex
Postnasal drip mechanism
Explanation - The nasal cycle is a physiological process where nasal airflow alternates between nostrils due to congestion and decongestion.
Correct answer is: Alternating congestion of nasal passages
Q.14 Which of the following is NOT a complication of sinusitis?
Orbital cellulitis
Brain abscess
Cavernous sinus thrombosis
Otitis externa
Explanation - Otitis externa affects the external ear canal and is not a direct complication of sinusitis.
Correct answer is: Otitis externa
Q.15 Rhinosporidiosis is caused by:
Bacteria
Fungus
Protozoa
Aquatic protist Rhinosporidium seeberi
Explanation - Rhinosporidiosis is a chronic infection caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi, an aquatic protist.
Correct answer is: Aquatic protist Rhinosporidium seeberi
Q.16 Which test is commonly used to confirm allergic rhinitis?
Skin prick test
CT scan
MRI
Chest X-ray
Explanation - The skin prick test is a standard diagnostic tool for identifying allergens in allergic rhinitis.
Correct answer is: Skin prick test
Q.17 Kartagener’s syndrome includes all EXCEPT:
Bronchiectasis
Situs inversus
Chronic sinusitis
Asthma
Explanation - Kartagener’s syndrome is characterized by chronic sinusitis, bronchiectasis, and situs inversus, but not asthma.
Correct answer is: Asthma
Q.18 Which part of the nose is most commonly affected in trauma?
Nasal septum
Nasal tip
Nasal bridge
Nasal floor
Explanation - The nasal bridge is most commonly affected in nasal bone fractures due to trauma.
Correct answer is: Nasal bridge
Q.19 Woodruff’s plexus is located in which part of the nasal cavity?
Anterior inferior septum
Posterior inferior meatus
Middle turbinate
Nasal vestibule
Explanation - Woodruff’s plexus, a venous plexus, is located in the posterior part of the inferior meatus and is a source of posterior epistaxis.
Correct answer is: Posterior inferior meatus
Q.20 What is the most common benign tumor of the nasal cavity?
Inverted papilloma
Hemangioma
Angiofibroma
Osteoma
Explanation - Inverted papilloma is the most common benign tumor of the nasal cavity, with a risk of malignant transformation.
Correct answer is: Inverted papilloma
Q.21 Which of the following is the most common cause of anosmia?
Head trauma
Chronic rhinitis
Olfactory nerve tumor
Neurodegenerative disease
Explanation - Chronic rhinitis leading to nasal obstruction is the most common cause of anosmia (loss of smell).
Correct answer is: Chronic rhinitis
Q.22 Which of the following drugs may cause rhinitis medicamentosa?
Antihistamines
Nasal decongestant sprays
Steroids
Antibiotics
Explanation - Overuse of topical nasal decongestants leads to rebound congestion known as rhinitis medicamentosa.
Correct answer is: Nasal decongestant sprays
Q.23 Which imaging is best for evaluating soft tissue tumors of the nasal cavity?
CT scan
Ultrasound
MRI
X-ray
Explanation - MRI provides excellent soft tissue detail and is best for evaluating nasal and paranasal tumors.
Correct answer is: MRI
Q.24 The nasal vestibule is lined by:
Ciliated columnar epithelium
Stratified squamous epithelium
Cuboidal epithelium
Transitional epithelium
Explanation - The nasal vestibule is lined by stratified squamous epithelium with hair follicles.
Correct answer is: Stratified squamous epithelium
Q.25 A dangerous area of the face related to nasal infections is around:
Forehead
Upper lip and nose
Chin
Temple
Explanation - The area around the upper lip and nose is considered the 'danger triangle' due to venous connections to the cavernous sinus, risking intracranial spread.
Correct answer is: Upper lip and nose