Q.1 Which procedure is primarily performed to remove a benign vocal cord lesion?
Microlaryngoscopy with excision
Tracheostomy
Cricothyrotomy
Laryngectomy
Explanation - Microlaryngoscopy allows precise visualization and removal of benign lesions on the vocal cords while preserving surrounding tissue.
Correct answer is: Microlaryngoscopy with excision
Q.2 What is the main indication for a tracheostomy in laryngology?
Vocal cord nodule removal
Airway obstruction
Treatment of laryngitis
Epiglottis biopsy
Explanation - Tracheostomy is performed to bypass an upper airway obstruction and ensure adequate ventilation.
Correct answer is: Airway obstruction
Q.3 During microlaryngoscopy, which instrument is commonly used to visualize the larynx?
Flexible nasopharyngoscope
Rigid laryngoscope
Otoscope
Stethoscope
Explanation - A rigid laryngoscope provides direct visualization of the larynx and vocal cords under general anesthesia during microlaryngoscopy.
Correct answer is: Rigid laryngoscope
Q.4 Which laryngology procedure is indicated for persistent bilateral vocal cord paralysis causing airway compromise?
Laser cordotomy
Tonsillectomy
Epiglottidectomy
Sinus surgery
Explanation - Laser cordotomy creates a posterior glottic opening to improve airflow in patients with bilateral vocal cord paralysis.
Correct answer is: Laser cordotomy
Q.5 Which procedure is most suitable for biopsy of a suspicious laryngeal lesion?
Direct laryngoscopy
Tracheostomy
Septoplasty
Myringotomy
Explanation - Direct laryngoscopy under general anesthesia allows for visualization and precise biopsy of laryngeal lesions.
Correct answer is: Direct laryngoscopy
Q.6 Supraglottic laryngectomy primarily involves resection of which structures?
Vocal cords only
Epiglottis and false vocal cords
Trachea
Nasal septum
Explanation - Supraglottic laryngectomy removes the epiglottis, false vocal cords, and surrounding tissue while preserving true vocal cords for phonation.
Correct answer is: Epiglottis and false vocal cords
Q.7 Which laryngology procedure is indicated in acute epiglottitis with airway compromise?
Emergency tracheostomy
Microlaryngoscopy
Cordectomy
Laryngeal injection
Explanation - Acute epiglottitis can rapidly obstruct the airway; an emergency tracheostomy ensures ventilation.
Correct answer is: Emergency tracheostomy
Q.8 What is the main goal of vocal cord injection procedures?
To improve voice quality or medialize a paralyzed cord
To remove laryngeal cancer
To treat sinusitis
To open the nasal airway
Explanation - Injection laryngoplasty is used to augment or medialize a vocal cord to improve voice and glottic closure.
Correct answer is: To improve voice quality or medialize a paralyzed cord
Q.9 Laser-assisted laryngoscopy is preferred for which condition?
Benign and premalignant vocal cord lesions
Acute otitis media
Chronic sinusitis
Eustachian tube dysfunction
Explanation - Lasers allow precise excision of small lesions with minimal bleeding and reduced scarring.
Correct answer is: Benign and premalignant vocal cord lesions
Q.10 Which type of anesthesia is typically used for direct laryngoscopy?
Local anesthesia
General anesthesia
Spinal anesthesia
Topical only
Explanation - Direct laryngoscopy requires general anesthesia to immobilize the patient and protect the airway.
Correct answer is: General anesthesia
Q.11 What is the primary purpose of a cordectomy?
Removal of part or all of a vocal cord
Tracheal reconstruction
Epiglottis biopsy
Sinus drainage
Explanation - Cordectomy is performed to excise malignant or severely damaged portions of the vocal cord.
Correct answer is: Removal of part or all of a vocal cord
Q.12 Which complication is most associated with laryngotracheal surgery?
Airway stenosis
Otitis media
Deviated septum
Tinnitus
Explanation - Postoperative scarring can narrow the airway, making airway stenosis a significant complication.
Correct answer is: Airway stenosis
Q.13 Partial laryngectomy is indicated primarily for:
Early-stage laryngeal cancer
Chronic laryngitis
Acute tonsillitis
Sinus polyps
Explanation - Partial laryngectomy removes the tumor while preserving as much laryngeal function as possible.
Correct answer is: Early-stage laryngeal cancer
Q.14 Which procedure uses endoscopic visualization to remove laryngeal papillomas?
Endoscopic laser excision
Cricothyrotomy
Tracheostomy
Tonsillectomy
Explanation - Endoscopic laser excision allows precise removal of papillomas with minimal bleeding.
Correct answer is: Endoscopic laser excision
Q.15 Which laryngology procedure is indicated for aspiration due to vocal cord immobility?
Medialization laryngoplasty
Septoplasty
Myringotomy
Tympanoplasty
Explanation - This procedure repositions the paralyzed vocal cord to reduce aspiration and improve voice.
Correct answer is: Medialization laryngoplasty
Q.16 Which technique is used for diagnosis and treatment of early glottic carcinoma?
Microlaryngoscopic excision with laser
Tracheostomy
Epiglottidectomy
Cricopharyngeal myotomy
Explanation - Early glottic cancers can be removed precisely via microlaryngoscopy with laser while preserving function.
Correct answer is: Microlaryngoscopic excision with laser
Q.17 Which procedure is used to improve airway in subglottic stenosis?
Endoscopic balloon dilation
Tonsillectomy
Septoplasty
Cochlear implantation
Explanation - Balloon dilation widens narrowed subglottic areas, improving airflow without open surgery.
Correct answer is: Endoscopic balloon dilation
Q.18 What is the purpose of a cricothyrotomy?
Emergency airway access
Vocal cord biopsy
Removal of laryngeal polyp
Epiglottis reconstruction
Explanation - Cricothyrotomy provides rapid airway access in life-threatening upper airway obstruction.
Correct answer is: Emergency airway access
Q.19 Which laryngology procedure is considered minimally invasive for unilateral vocal cord paralysis?
Injection laryngoplasty
Total laryngectomy
Supraglottic laryngectomy
Cricotracheal resection
Explanation - Injection laryngoplasty can be performed under local anesthesia and improves cord medialization with minimal morbidity.
Correct answer is: Injection laryngoplasty
Q.20 Which is the most common laser used in laryngeal surgery?
CO2 laser
Nd:YAG laser
Argon laser
Diode laser
Explanation - CO2 lasers are precise, cause minimal bleeding, and are commonly used for laryngeal microsurgery.
Correct answer is: CO2 laser
Q.21 Which procedure is used to treat laryngeal granulomas from intubation?
Microlaryngoscopic excision
Tonsillectomy
Septoplasty
Tracheostomy
Explanation - Small granulomas can be excised under direct visualization using microlaryngoscopy.
Correct answer is: Microlaryngoscopic excision
Q.22 Which approach is used for resection of tumors involving the anterior commissure?
Endoscopic transoral laser surgery
Cricothyrotomy
Open tracheal surgery
Tonsillectomy
Explanation - Endoscopic laser surgery allows precise removal of tumors at the anterior commissure while preserving function.
Correct answer is: Endoscopic transoral laser surgery
Q.23 Which procedure is indicated for laryngeal web causing voice disturbance?
Endoscopic web lysis with keel placement
Microlaryngoscopy for polyp removal
Tracheostomy
Supraglottic laryngectomy
Explanation - The web is excised endoscopically and a keel is placed to prevent re-formation.
Correct answer is: Endoscopic web lysis with keel placement
Q.24 Which laryngology procedure may be performed for severe laryngeal trauma?
Partial or total laryngectomy
Myringotomy
Tonsillectomy
Septoplasty
Explanation - Severe trauma may require resection of damaged laryngeal tissue to restore airway and prevent complications.
Correct answer is: Partial or total laryngectomy