Q.1 Which of the following is the most common type of eczema?
Atopic dermatitis
Nummular eczema
Contact dermatitis
Dyshidrotic eczema
Explanation - Atopic dermatitis is the most common form of eczema, especially in children, characterized by itchy, inflamed skin.
Correct answer is: Atopic dermatitis
Q.2 Atopic dermatitis is strongly associated with which other condition?
Diabetes mellitus
Asthma
Hypertension
Rheumatoid arthritis
Explanation - Atopic dermatitis is part of the 'atopic triad,' which includes asthma and allergic rhinitis.
Correct answer is: Asthma
Q.3 Which skin layer is primarily affected in eczema?
Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous fat
Muscle layer
Explanation - Eczema primarily involves inflammation and barrier dysfunction in the epidermis.
Correct answer is: Epidermis
Q.4 Which of the following is a hallmark symptom of eczema?
Severe pain
Itching
Bleeding
Scaling without itch
Explanation - Intense itching is the hallmark symptom of eczema, often worsening at night.
Correct answer is: Itching
Q.5 Which of these factors often worsens eczema?
Moisturizers
Stress
Cool temperatures
Balanced diet
Explanation - Stress can trigger or worsen eczema flare-ups due to immune and hormonal responses.
Correct answer is: Stress
Q.6 Which immunoglobulin is commonly elevated in patients with atopic dermatitis?
IgA
IgM
IgG
IgE
Explanation - Atopic dermatitis is associated with elevated IgE levels due to allergic sensitization.
Correct answer is: IgE
Q.7 Which of these best describes the distribution of atopic dermatitis in infants?
Flexural involvement
Extensor surfaces and cheeks
Scalp only
Hands and feet only
Explanation - In infants, eczema commonly affects the cheeks, scalp, and extensor surfaces.
Correct answer is: Extensor surfaces and cheeks
Q.8 Which of the following is the first-line management for eczema?
Systemic corticosteroids
Topical moisturizers
Antibiotics
Oral antihistamines
Explanation - Regular use of emollients and moisturizers is the cornerstone of eczema management.
Correct answer is: Topical moisturizers
Q.9 Topical corticosteroids are used in eczema for which purpose?
Reducing inflammation
Killing bacteria
Increasing hydration
Stimulating immunity
Explanation - Topical corticosteroids reduce inflammation and control acute flares of eczema.
Correct answer is: Reducing inflammation
Q.10 Which secondary complication commonly occurs in eczema due to scratching?
Skin cancer
Bacterial infection
Psoriasis
Vitiligo
Explanation - Scratching causes skin barrier damage, predisposing to bacterial infections, particularly with Staphylococcus aureus.
Correct answer is: Bacterial infection
Q.11 Which of the following is NOT a common trigger for eczema?
Soaps
Wool clothing
Moisturizers
Dust mites
Explanation - Moisturizers are protective in eczema, while irritants like soaps, wool, and allergens worsen symptoms.
Correct answer is: Moisturizers
Q.12 Which genetic mutation is often linked to eczema?
Filaggrin mutation
BRCA1 mutation
CFTR mutation
HFE mutation
Explanation - Loss-of-function mutations in the filaggrin gene impair skin barrier integrity, leading to eczema.
Correct answer is: Filaggrin mutation
Q.13 Which clinical sign describes thickened, leathery skin from chronic scratching in eczema?
Excoriation
Lichenification
Erythema
Macule
Explanation - Lichenification results from repeated scratching and rubbing, a common feature in chronic eczema.
Correct answer is: Lichenification
Q.14 Dyshidrotic eczema typically affects which body part?
Face
Scalp
Palms and soles
Back
Explanation - Dyshidrotic eczema presents with itchy vesicles on palms and soles.
Correct answer is: Palms and soles
Q.15 Which diagnostic feature supports eczema over psoriasis?
Flexural involvement
Nail pitting
Well-defined plaques
Silvery scales
Explanation - Eczema typically involves flexural areas, while psoriasis presents with well-defined plaques and nail pitting.
Correct answer is: Flexural involvement
Q.16 Which age group most commonly experiences atopic dermatitis onset?
Infancy
Teenage years
Adulthood
Elderly
Explanation - Atopic dermatitis commonly begins in infancy, often within the first year of life.
Correct answer is: Infancy
Q.17 What is the primary mechanism behind eczema flare-ups?
Autoimmune destruction of melanocytes
Barrier dysfunction and immune dysregulation
Excess collagen deposition
Overproduction of sebum
Explanation - Eczema arises from impaired skin barrier and abnormal immune activation.
Correct answer is: Barrier dysfunction and immune dysregulation
Q.18 Which of the following is most appropriate for long-term eczema management?
Daily emollient use
Repeated systemic steroids
Continuous antibiotics
PUVA therapy only
Explanation - Consistent application of emollients is critical for long-term eczema control.
Correct answer is: Daily emollient use
Q.19 Which vitamin D-related observation is often seen in eczema patients?
Vitamin D deficiency
Excess vitamin D
No correlation
Vitamin D toxicity
Explanation - Low vitamin D levels are linked to increased severity of eczema.
Correct answer is: Vitamin D deficiency
Q.20 Which of the following is NOT typically used in eczema treatment?
Topical calcineurin inhibitors
Antihistamines
Moisturizers
Oral isotretinoin
Explanation - Oral isotretinoin is used for acne, not eczema treatment.
Correct answer is: Oral isotretinoin
Q.21 Which pattern best describes adult atopic dermatitis distribution?
Cheeks and scalp
Flexural areas and hands
Extensor surfaces
Trunk only
Explanation - In adults, eczema commonly affects flexural surfaces and hands.
Correct answer is: Flexural areas and hands
Q.22 Which cytokine pathway is overactive in atopic dermatitis?
Th1
Th2
Th17
Treg
Explanation - Atopic dermatitis is driven by Th2 cytokines, such as IL-4 and IL-13.
Correct answer is: Th2
Q.23 Which clinical feature is most characteristic of nummular eczema?
Coin-shaped lesions
Flexural lichenification
Cheek redness
Vesicles on palms
Explanation - Nummular eczema presents with round, coin-shaped plaques, often itchy and scaly.
Correct answer is: Coin-shaped lesions
Q.24 What is the most common bacterial superinfection in eczema?
Staphylococcus aureus
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Streptococcus pyogenes
Candida albicans
Explanation - Staphylococcus aureus is the most common cause of bacterial superinfection in eczema patients.
Correct answer is: Staphylococcus aureus
Q.25 Which term describes eczema triggered by direct exposure to irritants like detergents?
Atopic dermatitis
Contact dermatitis
Seborrheic dermatitis
Nummular eczema
Explanation - Irritant or allergic contact dermatitis occurs after exposure to chemicals like detergents.
Correct answer is: Contact dermatitis