Q.1 Who is considered the father of psychoanalytic theory?
Carl Rogers
Sigmund Freud
B.F. Skinner
Abraham Maslow
Explanation - Sigmund Freud developed psychoanalysis, emphasizing unconscious motivations and early childhood experiences in shaping personality.
Correct answer is: Sigmund Freud
Q.2 Which part of Freud's personality structure operates on the reality principle?
Id
Ego
Superego
Conscious Mind
Explanation - The ego mediates between the id, superego, and reality, making decisions based on practicality and social norms.
Correct answer is: Ego
Q.3 According to Maslow, which need is the highest in his hierarchy?
Safety
Esteem
Physiological
Self-actualization
Explanation - Maslow's hierarchy ends with self-actualization, the fulfillment of personal potential and growth.
Correct answer is: Self-actualization
Q.4 Carl Rogers is best known for which theory?
Behaviorist Theory
Humanistic Theory
Psychoanalytic Theory
Cognitive Theory
Explanation - Rogers emphasized self-concept, unconditional positive regard, and personal growth in humanistic psychology.
Correct answer is: Humanistic Theory
Q.5 Which defense mechanism involves attributing one’s own unacceptable feelings to others?
Projection
Regression
Sublimation
Rationalization
Explanation - Projection occurs when a person unconsciously transfers their own undesirable thoughts or emotions onto someone else.
Correct answer is: Projection
Q.6 B.F. Skinner is most closely associated with which type of learning?
Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
Observational Learning
Cognitive Learning
Explanation - Skinner studied how behavior is shaped by rewards and punishments in operant conditioning.
Correct answer is: Operant Conditioning
Q.7 The id operates according to which principle?
Reality Principle
Pleasure Principle
Moral Principle
Cognitive Principle
Explanation - The id seeks immediate gratification of instinctual desires, guided by the pleasure principle.
Correct answer is: Pleasure Principle
Q.8 Erikson's stage of 'Identity vs. Role Confusion' typically occurs in which age group?
Infancy
Early Childhood
Adolescence
Middle Adulthood
Explanation - During adolescence, individuals explore personal identity and social roles to achieve a stable sense of self.
Correct answer is: Adolescence
Q.9 According to Jung, which part of the psyche contains shared memories and archetypes?
Personal Unconscious
Collective Unconscious
Ego
Superego
Explanation - Jung proposed the collective unconscious as a shared reservoir of human experiences and universal symbols.
Correct answer is: Collective Unconscious
Q.10 Which psychologist proposed the concept of 'self-actualizing person'?
Carl Jung
Abraham Maslow
Sigmund Freud
Erik Erikson
Explanation - Maslow described self-actualization as achieving one’s full potential, a key concept in humanistic psychology.
Correct answer is: Abraham Maslow
Q.11 Which of the following is NOT a defense mechanism?
Repression
Displacement
Sublimation
Introspection
Explanation - Introspection is self-examination, not an unconscious defense mechanism.
Correct answer is: Introspection
Q.12 Albert Bandura is famous for which theory?
Cognitive Development Theory
Social Learning Theory
Behaviorist Theory
Humanistic Theory
Explanation - Bandura emphasized learning through observation, imitation, and modeling.
Correct answer is: Social Learning Theory
Q.13 The superego develops primarily through:
Biological maturation
Socialization and moral teachings
Conditioning
Cognitive learning
Explanation - The superego internalizes societal norms, rules, and morals learned from parents and culture.
Correct answer is: Socialization and moral teachings
Q.14 Which personality theory emphasizes observable behavior over internal thoughts?
Behaviorist Theory
Psychoanalytic Theory
Humanistic Theory
Trait Theory
Explanation - Behaviorists, like Skinner, focus on measurable behaviors shaped by the environment rather than internal mental processes.
Correct answer is: Behaviorist Theory
Q.15 Rogers believed that psychological distress results from:
Inadequate rewards
Incongruence between self-concept and experiences
Unresolved childhood conflicts
Genetic predisposition
Explanation - When a person's self-image conflicts with experiences, it can cause anxiety and distress, according to Rogers.
Correct answer is: Incongruence between self-concept and experiences
Q.16 Which of the following is a major criticism of Freud’s theory?
Overemphasis on cognition
Lack of empirical evidence and overemphasis on sexuality
Neglect of unconscious processes
Focus on observable behavior only
Explanation - Freud’s theories are criticized for being difficult to test scientifically and focusing too much on sexual drives.
Correct answer is: Lack of empirical evidence and overemphasis on sexuality
Q.17 Which stage in Freud’s psychosexual theory is associated with learning to control bodily functions?
Oral
Anal
Phallic
Latency
Explanation - The anal stage (ages 1-3) focuses on toilet training and control over bodily functions.
Correct answer is: Anal
Q.18 Which trait theory proposes the 'Big Five' personality traits?
Eysenck’s Theory
Allport’s Theory
Cattell’s Theory
Five-Factor Model
Explanation - The Five-Factor Model describes personality using openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.
Correct answer is: Five-Factor Model
Q.19 According to Erikson, 'Generativity vs. Stagnation' occurs during which stage?
Young adulthood
Middle adulthood
Late adulthood
Adolescence
Explanation - Middle-aged adults strive to contribute to society and guide the next generation (generativity). Failure leads to stagnation.
Correct answer is: Middle adulthood
Q.20 The defense mechanism of sublimation involves:
Redirecting unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable activities
Refusing to acknowledge reality
Blaming others for one’s own faults
Reverting to childlike behavior
Explanation - Sublimation channels potentially harmful impulses into productive or socially approved actions.
Correct answer is: Redirecting unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable activities
Q.21 Which psychologist is associated with the theory of psychosocial development?
Freud
Erikson
Maslow
Rogers
Explanation - Erikson developed eight stages of psychosocial development covering the entire lifespan.
Correct answer is: Erikson
Q.22 Which approach emphasizes personal growth, free will, and self-awareness?
Humanistic
Psychoanalytic
Behaviorist
Cognitive
Explanation - Humanistic psychology focuses on the individual's potential for growth and the importance of self-concept and choice.
Correct answer is: Humanistic
Q.23 In Freud’s theory, fixation at a psychosexual stage can result in:
Optimal personality development
Regression or personality traits associated with that stage
Complete mental health
Enhanced social skills
Explanation - Fixation occurs when conflicts at a stage are unresolved, leading to behaviors linked to that stage in adulthood.
Correct answer is: Regression or personality traits associated with that stage
Q.24 Which concept is central to Bandura’s social learning theory?
Reinforcement alone
Observation and modeling
Unconscious drives
Self-actualization
Explanation - Bandura emphasized that people learn behaviors by observing and imitating others, not just through direct reinforcement.
Correct answer is: Observation and modeling
Q.25 According to Allport, traits can be classified as:
Primary, secondary, and tertiary
Cardinal, central, and secondary
Major, minor, and neutral
Universal, individual, and situational
Explanation - Allport categorized traits as cardinal (dominant), central (general), and secondary (context-specific).
Correct answer is: Cardinal, central, and secondary