Q.1 Which method is most appropriate to assess a newborn's respiratory rate?
Observe chest movement for 60 seconds
Listen with stethoscope for 5 seconds
Ask the infant to take a deep breath
Palpate the abdomen only
Explanation - Newborns have irregular breathing, so observing chest movement for a full 60 seconds gives the most accurate rate.
Correct answer is: Observe chest movement for 60 seconds
Q.2 What is the first sign of dehydration in infants?
Sunken fontanelle
Dry lips
Decreased urine output
Tachycardia
Explanation - In infants, the earliest and most sensitive sign of dehydration is a reduction in urine output.
Correct answer is: Decreased urine output
Q.3 During a pediatric assessment, which reflex is checked by stroking the infant's cheek?
Moro reflex
Rooting reflex
Palmar grasp reflex
Stepping reflex
Explanation - The rooting reflex helps the infant turn toward a stimulus on the cheek to find the nipple for feeding.
Correct answer is: Rooting reflex
Q.4 What is the normal heart rate range for a 2-year-old child?
80-120 bpm
70-110 bpm
90-140 bpm
60-100 bpm
Explanation - The normal heart rate for toddlers (1–3 years) is 90–140 beats per minute.
Correct answer is: 90-140 bpm
Q.5 Which assessment technique is preferred when examining a toddler?
Head-to-toe assessment
Toe-to-head assessment
Only vital signs
Observation from a distance
Explanation - Toddlers may resist examination; starting from the least invasive area (toe-to-head) helps gain cooperation.
Correct answer is: Toe-to-head assessment
Q.6 Capillary refill time longer than 2 seconds in a child may indicate:
Dehydration
Shock
Hypothermia
All of the above
Explanation - Delayed capillary refill (>2 seconds) can indicate poor perfusion from dehydration, shock, or hypothermia.
Correct answer is: All of the above
Q.7 Which scale is commonly used to assess pain in preverbal children?
Wong-Baker FACES
FLACC scale
Numeric Rating Scale
Visual Analogue Scale
Explanation - The FLACC scale evaluates pain based on Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability in children unable to self-report.
Correct answer is: FLACC scale
Q.8 Which growth parameter is most important to monitor in infants?
Weight
Height
Head circumference
BMI
Explanation - Weight is the most sensitive indicator of nutritional status and growth in infants.
Correct answer is: Weight
Q.9 Which technique is recommended when measuring blood pressure in children?
Use adult cuff on upper arm
Use appropriate cuff size on upper arm
Use thigh cuff for all children
Estimate by palpation only
Explanation - Correct cuff size ensures accurate blood pressure measurement; too small or too large cuffs can give false readings.
Correct answer is: Use appropriate cuff size on upper arm
Q.10 In a well-child assessment, which is the correct order of vital sign measurement in infants?
Temperature, pulse, respiration, BP
Respiration, pulse, temperature, BP
Pulse, temperature, BP, respiration
BP, temperature, pulse, respiration
Explanation - Measure respiration first to avoid agitation affecting the rate, then pulse, temperature, and lastly BP.
Correct answer is: Respiration, pulse, temperature, BP
Q.11 What is a normal respiratory rate for a newborn?
30-40/min
40-60/min
20-30/min
25-35/min
Explanation - Newborns normally breathe 40–60 times per minute.
Correct answer is: 40-60/min
Q.12 Which assessment finding indicates increased intracranial pressure in infants?
Bulging fontanelle
Sunken eyes
Hyperactive reflexes
Bradycardia only
Explanation - A bulging fontanelle may indicate increased intracranial pressure in infants due to swelling or fluid accumulation.
Correct answer is: Bulging fontanelle
Q.13 Which sign suggests hypoxemia in a child?
Cyanosis
Bradycardia
Hyperactivity
Diaphoresis
Explanation - Bluish discoloration of skin and mucous membranes indicates inadequate oxygenation (hypoxemia).
Correct answer is: Cyanosis
Q.14 Which reflex disappears around 6 months of age?
Moro reflex
Rooting reflex
Palmar grasp reflex
Stepping reflex
Explanation - The rooting reflex typically disappears by 4–6 months as voluntary sucking develops.
Correct answer is: Rooting reflex
Q.15 Which pain assessment tool is appropriate for a 4-year-old child?
Numeric Rating Scale
FLACC scale
Wong-Baker FACES
Visual Analogue Scale
Explanation - The Wong-Baker FACES scale allows children aged 3+ to self-report pain by choosing a face that represents their pain level.
Correct answer is: Wong-Baker FACES
Q.16 Which factor is most important when assessing pediatric growth?
Consistency of measurement
Using different scales each visit
Ignoring weight trends
Measuring only height
Explanation - Consistent measurement methods are essential for accurately tracking growth over time.
Correct answer is: Consistency of measurement
Q.17 Which tool is used to assess developmental milestones in children?
Denver Developmental Screening Test
FLACC scale
Wong-Baker FACES
Glasgow Coma Scale
Explanation - The Denver II test evaluates social, language, fine motor, and gross motor milestones in children up to 6 years.
Correct answer is: Denver Developmental Screening Test
Q.18 Which observation is most important when assessing hydration in infants?
Skin turgor over abdomen
Capillary refill
Fontanelle status
All of the above
Explanation - Hydration assessment includes skin turgor, capillary refill, fontanelle status, and mucous membranes.
Correct answer is: All of the above
Q.19 During assessment, a sudden onset of pallor and sweating in a child may indicate:
Shock
Allergic reaction
Hyperactivity
Dehydration only
Explanation - Pallor, sweating, tachycardia, and weak pulse may indicate hypovolemic or cardiogenic shock in children.
Correct answer is: Shock
Q.20 Which sign indicates severe respiratory distress in children?
Nasal flaring and intercostal retractions
Mild cough
Slight tachypnea
Normal activity level
Explanation - These signs reflect increased work of breathing and are critical indicators of respiratory distress.
Correct answer is: Nasal flaring and intercostal retractions
Q.21 Which site is recommended for pulse assessment in infants?
Radial artery
Brachial artery
Carotid artery
Femoral artery
Explanation - The brachial artery is preferred in infants as it is easily palpable and reliable for pulse assessment.
Correct answer is: Brachial artery
Q.22 Which sign indicates pain in non-verbal infants?
Crying, facial grimace, body movement
Sleeping peacefully
Smiling
Sucking normally
Explanation - Non-verbal infants express pain through crying, grimacing, limb movement, and irritability.
Correct answer is: Crying, facial grimace, body movement
Q.23 Which technique is used to assess muscle tone in infants?
Passive range of motion
Active jumping
Reflex hammer only
Observation of walking
Explanation - Assessing muscle tone involves evaluating resistance during passive movement of limbs in infants.
Correct answer is: Passive range of motion
Q.24 Which is a normal finding in an infant's abdomen during assessment?
Soft and non-tender
Firm and rigid
Distended with tenderness
Visible peristalsis with vomiting
Explanation - A soft, non-tender abdomen is normal; rigidity or distention may indicate pathology.
Correct answer is: Soft and non-tender