Q.1 Which of the following is the most common cause of scoliosis in children?
Congenital malformation
Neuromuscular disorder
Idiopathic
Infection
Explanation - Idiopathic scoliosis is the most common type in children, typically appearing during adolescence without an identifiable cause.
Correct answer is: Idiopathic
Q.2 A child with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy typically shows which early sign?
Gower's sign
Bow-legged gait
Hyperactive reflexes
Clubfoot
Explanation - Gower's sign is when a child uses hands to push off thighs to stand, indicating proximal muscle weakness typical in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy.
Correct answer is: Gower's sign
Q.3 Which hormone deficiency is primarily responsible for growth retardation in children?
Thyroid hormone
Growth hormone
Insulin
Cortisol
Explanation - Growth hormone deficiency leads to short stature and delayed growth in children, as it regulates growth of bones and tissues.
Correct answer is: Growth hormone
Q.4 The most common site for fractures in children with osteogenesis imperfecta is:
Femur
Radius
Humerus
Clavicle
Explanation - Osteogenesis imperfecta causes brittle bones, and the femur is particularly prone to fractures.
Correct answer is: Femur
Q.5 A child with hypothyroidism is most likely to present with:
Hyperactivity
Weight loss
Delayed growth and dry skin
Increased appetite
Explanation - Hypothyroidism leads to slowed metabolism, causing delayed growth, dry skin, lethargy, and constipation.
Correct answer is: Delayed growth and dry skin
Q.6 Which type of juvenile arthritis affects the largest number of children?
Systemic onset
Oligoarticular
Polyarticular
Enthesitis-related
Explanation - Oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis affects fewer than five joints and is the most common type in children.
Correct answer is: Oligoarticular
Q.7 Which lab finding is most indicative of type 1 diabetes in children?
Low blood glucose
Elevated C-peptide
Presence of islet cell antibodies
Hyperinsulinemia
Explanation - Islet cell antibodies indicate autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, which is typical in type 1 diabetes.
Correct answer is: Presence of islet cell antibodies
Q.8 A 12-year-old with persistent leg pain and limp might have:
Osgood-Schlatter disease
Rickets
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
Juvenile osteoporosis
Explanation - Slipped capital femoral epiphysis is common in early adolescence and presents with hip or knee pain and limping.
Correct answer is: Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
Q.9 Rickets in children is primarily caused by deficiency of:
Vitamin D
Vitamin C
Calcium
Iron
Explanation - Vitamin D deficiency impairs calcium absorption, leading to defective bone mineralization and rickets.
Correct answer is: Vitamin D
Q.10 Which nursing intervention is priority for a child with diabetic ketoacidosis?
Oral glucose administration
IV insulin and fluids
High-protein diet
Encourage exercise
Explanation - DKA is an acute emergency requiring rapid correction of hyperglycemia and dehydration using IV insulin and fluid therapy.
Correct answer is: IV insulin and fluids
Q.11 In children with Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease, the primary concern is:
Fracture healing
Avascular necrosis of femoral head
Joint laxity
Muscle atrophy
Explanation - Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease involves temporary loss of blood supply to the femoral head, causing bone death and deformity.
Correct answer is: Avascular necrosis of femoral head
Q.12 A child with hyperthyroidism may exhibit all of the following EXCEPT:
Tachycardia
Weight loss
Cold intolerance
Hyperactivity
Explanation - Hyperthyroidism increases metabolism, causing heat intolerance, not cold intolerance.
Correct answer is: Cold intolerance
Q.13 Which is a common orthopedic complication in children with cerebral palsy?
Scoliosis
Rickets
Slipped femoral epiphysis
Juvenile arthritis
Explanation - Children with cerebral palsy often develop musculoskeletal deformities like scoliosis due to muscle imbalance.
Correct answer is: Scoliosis
Q.14 Osteoporosis in adolescents is most commonly associated with:
Low calcium intake
Hyperthyroidism
Obesity
Juvenile arthritis medications
Explanation - Long-term corticosteroid therapy for juvenile arthritis can lead to decreased bone density and osteoporosis.
Correct answer is: Juvenile arthritis medications
Q.15 A child with Cushing's syndrome may present with:
Tall stature
Moon face and truncal obesity
Hyperactivity
Delayed puberty
Explanation - Excess cortisol in Cushing's syndrome leads to characteristic moon face, truncal obesity, and growth retardation.
Correct answer is: Moon face and truncal obesity
Q.16 Which orthopedic device is commonly used in scoliosis management?
Hinged knee brace
TLSO brace
Cervical collar
Hip spica cast
Explanation - The thoracolumbosacral orthosis (TLSO) brace supports the spine to prevent progression of scoliosis in growing children.
Correct answer is: TLSO brace
Q.17 Children with hypoparathyroidism may present with:
Hypercalcemia
Tetany and seizures
Increased growth
Obesity
Explanation - Hypoparathyroidism causes low calcium levels, leading to neuromuscular irritability, tetany, and seizures.
Correct answer is: Tetany and seizures
Q.18 The hallmark of juvenile idiopathic arthritis in a child is:
Morning stiffness
Acute fractures
Muscle hypertrophy
Kyphosis
Explanation - Morning stiffness and joint swelling are characteristic of juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
Correct answer is: Morning stiffness
Q.19 Which nutrient deficiency is directly linked to delayed epiphyseal closure in children?
Vitamin D
Vitamin C
Iodine
Vitamin A
Explanation - Vitamin D deficiency affects calcium metabolism, leading to delayed bone growth and epiphyseal closure.
Correct answer is: Vitamin D
Q.20 A child with type 1 diabetes should monitor blood glucose how frequently during illness?
Once daily
Every 2–4 hours
Twice weekly
Only when symptomatic
Explanation - Illness can alter glucose levels significantly, requiring frequent monitoring every 2–4 hours to prevent DKA.
Correct answer is: Every 2–4 hours
Q.21 The first-line treatment for hypocalcemia in children is:
IV calcium gluconate
Oral vitamin D only
Diuretics
Corticosteroids
Explanation - Acute symptomatic hypocalcemia is treated with IV calcium gluconate to rapidly restore calcium levels.
Correct answer is: IV calcium gluconate
Q.22 Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease is most commonly seen in children of which age group?
2–5 years
4–8 years
8–12 years
12–16 years
Explanation - Avascular necrosis of the femoral head in Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease is most common in children aged 4–8 years.
Correct answer is: 4–8 years
Q.23 Which is a common side effect of prolonged corticosteroid therapy in children?
Hyperpigmentation
Growth suppression
Hypoglycemia
Hypotension
Explanation - Long-term corticosteroids can suppress growth by affecting bone formation and metabolism in children.
Correct answer is: Growth suppression
Q.24 Which clinical sign is characteristic of rickets in children?
Bowing of legs
Kyphosis
Lordosis
Scoliosis
Explanation - Rickets causes defective mineralization of bones, leading to bowing of legs, especially in weight-bearing bones.
Correct answer is: Bowing of legs
Q.25 A child with hyperparathyroidism may present with:
Hypocalcemia
Hypercalcemia
Delayed puberty
Muscle spasms
Explanation - Excess parathyroid hormone increases calcium resorption from bones and absorption from gut, leading to hypercalcemia.
Correct answer is: Hypercalcemia