Q.1 Which of the following reflexes is normally present at birth in infants?
Moro reflex
Babinski reflex absent
Grasp reflex disappears immediately
Stepping reflex absent
Explanation - The Moro reflex is a startle reflex present at birth, typically disappearing around 4-6 months.
Correct answer is: Moro reflex
Q.2 What is the average birth weight of a full-term infant?
1.5-2 kg
2.5-4 kg
4-5 kg
5-6 kg
Explanation - A healthy full-term infant typically weighs between 2.5 and 4 kg at birth.
Correct answer is: 2.5-4 kg
Q.3 Which vitamin is recommended for all infants to prevent rickets?
Vitamin A
Vitamin D
Vitamin E
Vitamin K
Explanation - Vitamin D supplementation is recommended for infants to prevent rickets and support bone development.
Correct answer is: Vitamin D
Q.4 Which sign indicates dehydration in an infant?
Bulging fontanelle
Sunken eyes
Increased urine output
Warm skin
Explanation - Sunken eyes are a clinical sign of dehydration in infants, along with dry mucous membranes and decreased urine output.
Correct answer is: Sunken eyes
Q.5 At what age do most infants begin to sit without support?
2-3 months
4-5 months
6-8 months
9-12 months
Explanation - Most infants develop the ability to sit without support between 6 to 8 months of age.
Correct answer is: 6-8 months
Q.6 Which is the first type of teeth to erupt in infants?
Molars
Canines
Incisors
Premolars
Explanation - The lower central incisors usually erupt first, typically around 6 months of age.
Correct answer is: Incisors
Q.7 What is the recommended frequency of breastfeeding for a newborn?
Every 2-3 hours
Every 4-6 hours
Once a day
Twice a day
Explanation - Newborns should be breastfed every 2-3 hours to ensure adequate nutrition and hydration.
Correct answer is: Every 2-3 hours
Q.8 Which immunization is usually given at birth?
BCG and Hepatitis B
Polio
DPT
MMR
Explanation - BCG vaccine for tuberculosis and the first dose of Hepatitis B are typically administered at birth.
Correct answer is: BCG and Hepatitis B
Q.9 Which method is recommended to prevent sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)?
Placing infant on stomach to sleep
Using soft bedding
Placing infant on back to sleep
Overheating the room
Explanation - Placing infants on their back for sleep reduces the risk of SIDS significantly.
Correct answer is: Placing infant on back to sleep
Q.10 Which sign indicates proper latch during breastfeeding?
Painful nipples
Infant’s lips flanged outward
Clicking sound while feeding
Infant pulls away frequently
Explanation - A good latch involves the infant’s lips flanged outward and covering much of the areola, ensuring effective feeding and minimizing nipple pain.
Correct answer is: Infant’s lips flanged outward
Q.11 What is the normal heart rate range for a newborn?
60-80 bpm
80-120 bpm
120-160 bpm
160-200 bpm
Explanation - Newborns have a normal resting heart rate between 120-160 beats per minute.
Correct answer is: 120-160 bpm
Q.12 Which feeding technique helps prevent aspiration in infants?
Feeding while lying flat
Feeding in semi-upright position
Rapid feeding
Forceful feeding
Explanation - Feeding an infant in a semi-upright position reduces the risk of aspiration and improves swallowing.
Correct answer is: Feeding in semi-upright position
Q.13 Which condition is characterized by yellowing of the skin in newborns?
Erythema toxicum
Jaundice
Mongolian spots
Petechiae
Explanation - Jaundice in newborns results from elevated bilirubin levels and causes yellowing of the skin and eyes.
Correct answer is: Jaundice
Q.14 Which assessment indicates adequate hydration in an infant?
Dry mucous membranes
Few wet diapers
Tears when crying
Sunken fontanelle
Explanation - Presence of tears while crying and regular wet diapers are signs of proper hydration in infants.
Correct answer is: Tears when crying
Q.15 At what age do most infants begin to recognize familiar faces?
1-2 months
2-4 months
4-6 months
6-9 months
Explanation - Infants typically begin to recognize and respond to familiar faces around 2-4 months of age.
Correct answer is: 2-4 months
Q.16 Which of the following is a sign of respiratory distress in infants?
Nasal flaring
Regular breathing
Pink skin
Calmness
Explanation - Nasal flaring, grunting, and retractions are signs of respiratory distress in infants.
Correct answer is: Nasal flaring
Q.17 Which nutrient is essential for brain development in infants?
Iron
Calcium
Vitamin C
Protein
Explanation - Iron is crucial for neurodevelopment and prevention of anemia in infants.
Correct answer is: Iron
Q.18 What is the recommended position for burping an infant?
Flat on back
Sitting upright against caregiver’s chest
On stomach only
Head hanging down
Explanation - Burping the infant in an upright position helps release trapped air and prevents discomfort.
Correct answer is: Sitting upright against caregiver’s chest
Q.19 Which observation indicates normal stool in a breastfed infant?
Hard, pellet-like stools
Frequent, yellow, seedy stools
Black tarry stools
Green watery stools
Explanation - Breastfed infants typically have frequent, yellow, soft, seedy stools which are considered normal.
Correct answer is: Frequent, yellow, seedy stools
Q.20 Which intervention helps prevent diaper rash?
Frequent diaper changes
Tight diapers
Using scented wipes
Delaying cleaning
Explanation - Frequent diaper changes, gentle cleaning, and using barrier creams help prevent diaper rash.
Correct answer is: Frequent diaper changes
Q.21 Which behavior is typical of an infant during the first month?
Rolling over
Smiling socially
Reflexive movements
Sitting unsupported
Explanation - During the first month, infants mainly show reflexive movements, such as rooting and grasp reflexes.
Correct answer is: Reflexive movements
Q.22 Which intervention is recommended for a newborn with hypothermia?
Cold bath
Kangaroo care
Exposing to air
Omitting clothing
Explanation - Kangaroo care, where the infant is held skin-to-skin with the caregiver, helps maintain body temperature.
Correct answer is: Kangaroo care
Q.23 Which is the best indicator of adequate nutrition in infants?
Weight gain
Length
Head circumference only
Skin color
Explanation - Consistent weight gain is a primary indicator of adequate nutrition in infants.
Correct answer is: Weight gain
Q.24 Which position should be avoided during sleep to prevent aspiration in infants?
Back
Side
Stomach
Upright in crib
Explanation - Placing infants on their stomach for sleep increases the risk of aspiration and SIDS; the back position is safest.
Correct answer is: Stomach
Q.25 Which assessment indicates proper hydration in a newborn?
At least 6 wet diapers per day
Sunken fontanelle only
Dry skin only
Less than 3 wet diapers per day
Explanation - Having at least 6 wet diapers per day indicates adequate hydration in newborns, along with moist mucous membranes.
Correct answer is: At least 6 wet diapers per day