Q.1 Which of the following best describes targeted therapy in cancer treatment?
A therapy that non-specifically kills rapidly dividing cells
A treatment that targets specific molecular pathways in cancer cells
A type of radiation therapy
A supportive therapy to manage nausea
Explanation - Targeted therapy works by specifically interfering with molecules involved in tumor growth and progression, unlike traditional chemotherapy which affects all rapidly dividing cells.
Correct answer is: A treatment that targets specific molecular pathways in cancer cells
Q.2 Which of the following is an example of a monoclonal antibody used in cancer therapy?
Imatinib
Trastuzumab
Cisplatin
Cyclophosphamide
Explanation - Trastuzumab is a monoclonal antibody that targets the HER2 receptor, commonly overexpressed in certain breast cancers.
Correct answer is: Trastuzumab
Q.3 Which adverse effect is most commonly associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors?
Hair loss
Immune-related colitis
Peripheral neuropathy
Cardiotoxicity
Explanation - Immune checkpoint inhibitors can cause immune-related adverse events such as colitis, pneumonitis, and endocrinopathies due to enhanced immune activation.
Correct answer is: Immune-related colitis
Q.4 What is the mechanism of action of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs)?
Blocking DNA replication
Inhibiting intracellular signaling pathways
Stimulating T-cell production
Inducing apoptosis non-specifically
Explanation - TKIs block specific tyrosine kinases involved in signaling pathways that promote cancer cell proliferation and survival.
Correct answer is: Inhibiting intracellular signaling pathways
Q.5 Which patient teaching is essential for a patient receiving targeted therapy?
Monitor blood glucose levels daily
Report any signs of infection or unusual bleeding
Avoid sunlight completely
Limit fluid intake
Explanation - Targeted therapies may affect blood cell counts and immune function, so monitoring for infection or bleeding is essential.
Correct answer is: Report any signs of infection or unusual bleeding
Q.6 CAR-T cell therapy involves:
Injecting monoclonal antibodies directly into the tumor
Engineering a patient’s T cells to attack cancer cells
Using high-dose chemotherapy to suppress immunity
Administering immune checkpoint inhibitors
Explanation - CAR-T therapy modifies a patient’s own T cells to recognize and kill cancer cells, representing a personalized immunotherapy approach.
Correct answer is: Engineering a patient’s T cells to attack cancer cells
Q.7 Which lab parameter should be closely monitored in patients receiving VEGF inhibitors?
Serum potassium
Liver function tests
Blood pressure
Serum amylase
Explanation - VEGF inhibitors can cause hypertension due to effects on blood vessel regulation.
Correct answer is: Blood pressure
Q.8 Checkpoint inhibitors work by:
Directly killing cancer cells
Blocking proteins that inhibit T-cell activation
Reducing angiogenesis
Enhancing DNA repair in normal cells
Explanation - Immune checkpoint inhibitors release the 'brakes' on the immune system, allowing T cells to attack cancer cells.
Correct answer is: Blocking proteins that inhibit T-cell activation
Q.9 A common side effect of EGFR inhibitors is:
Hand-foot skin reaction
Acneiform rash
Cardiotoxicity
Neurotoxicity
Explanation - EGFR inhibitors often cause skin toxicity, presenting as an acne-like rash on the face and upper body.
Correct answer is: Acneiform rash
Q.10 Which of the following is a hallmark of immunotherapy-related adverse events?
They are dose-dependent
They mimic autoimmune reactions
They occur immediately after first dose
They are always reversible
Explanation - Immune-related adverse events often resemble autoimmune diseases and can affect multiple organ systems.
Correct answer is: They mimic autoimmune reactions
Q.11 Targeted therapy differs from chemotherapy because it:
Has no side effects
Specifically targets cancer cell pathways
Is always administered orally
Works faster than chemotherapy
Explanation - Targeted therapies are designed to interfere with specific molecules involved in cancer cell growth and survival.
Correct answer is: Specifically targets cancer cell pathways
Q.12 Which type of cancer is most commonly treated with HER2-targeted therapy?
Breast cancer
Lung cancer
Colon cancer
Leukemia
Explanation - HER2-positive breast cancer overexpresses the HER2 receptor, which can be targeted by drugs like trastuzumab.
Correct answer is: Breast cancer
Q.13 What is the primary nursing consideration for patients receiving cytokine therapy?
Monitor for cytokine-release syndrome
Assess for neuropathy
Monitor glucose levels
Prevent hair loss
Explanation - Cytokine therapy can lead to cytokine-release syndrome, which manifests with fever, hypotension, and organ dysfunction.
Correct answer is: Monitor for cytokine-release syndrome
Q.14 Which of the following is true about immune checkpoint inhibitors?
They are effective for all cancer types equally
They can cause delayed immune-related adverse events
They are cytotoxic agents
They always require hospitalization for administration
Explanation - Immune checkpoint inhibitors may cause adverse events weeks to months after therapy, unlike traditional chemotherapy.
Correct answer is: They can cause delayed immune-related adverse events
Q.15 Which of the following is an oral targeted therapy?
Rituximab
Imatinib
Pembrolizumab
Bevacizumab
Explanation - Imatinib is an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor used to treat chronic myeloid leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumors.
Correct answer is: Imatinib
Q.16 A patient on immune checkpoint therapy develops severe diarrhea. The nurse should:
Administer anti-diarrheal and continue therapy
Hold therapy and notify the oncologist
Ignore as it is expected
Increase fluid intake only
Explanation - Severe diarrhea may indicate immune-related colitis, requiring therapy interruption and possible immunosuppressive treatment.
Correct answer is: Hold therapy and notify the oncologist
Q.17 Which adverse effect is associated with VEGF inhibitors?
Hyperglycemia
Hypertension
Peripheral neuropathy
Mucositis
Explanation - VEGF inhibitors interfere with angiogenesis, leading to increased blood pressure as a common side effect.
Correct answer is: Hypertension
Q.18 Immunotherapy may be contraindicated in patients with:
Diabetes
Autoimmune diseases
Hypertension
Asthma
Explanation - Because immunotherapy can enhance immune activity, patients with autoimmune disorders are at higher risk for severe immune-related adverse events.
Correct answer is: Autoimmune diseases
Q.19 The primary goal of targeted therapy is to:
Reduce inflammation
Specifically inhibit cancer growth pathways
Support nutrition
Enhance radiation sensitivity
Explanation - Targeted therapies aim to interfere with specific molecules responsible for tumor growth and survival.
Correct answer is: Specifically inhibit cancer growth pathways
Q.20 Which of the following is a common nursing intervention for patients on monoclonal antibody therapy?
Monitor for infusion reactions
Limit physical activity
Administer high-dose steroids prophylactically
Encourage low-sodium diet only
Explanation - Monoclonal antibodies can cause infusion-related reactions such as fever, chills, and hypotension, which require careful monitoring.
Correct answer is: Monitor for infusion reactions
Q.21 Which therapy uses genetically modified viruses to target cancer cells?
CAR-T therapy
Oncolytic virus therapy
Immune checkpoint inhibition
Radiation therapy
Explanation - Oncolytic viruses selectively infect and destroy cancer cells while sparing normal cells, stimulating an immune response against the tumor.
Correct answer is: Oncolytic virus therapy
Q.22 The main difference between immunotherapy and chemotherapy is:
Immunotherapy targets the immune system, chemotherapy targets rapidly dividing cells
Chemotherapy is always oral, immunotherapy is always IV
Chemotherapy has no side effects
Immunotherapy cures all cancers
Explanation - Immunotherapy enhances or modifies the immune response to attack cancer, whereas chemotherapy non-specifically attacks rapidly dividing cells.
Correct answer is: Immunotherapy targets the immune system, chemotherapy targets rapidly dividing cells
Q.23 Which lab should be monitored in patients receiving immunotherapy for hepatotoxicity?
Serum creatinine
Liver function tests
Complete blood count
Electrolytes
Explanation - Immune-related hepatitis can occur during immunotherapy, so liver enzymes should be closely monitored.
Correct answer is: Liver function tests
Q.24 Which of the following statements is true regarding immune-related adverse events (irAEs)?
They are always mild and self-limiting
They can affect multiple organs and may require immunosuppressive therapy
They occur only during the first dose
They are identical to chemotherapy side effects
Explanation - irAEs can be severe and affect organs such as the liver, lungs, colon, and endocrine glands, requiring prompt recognition and treatment.
Correct answer is: They can affect multiple organs and may require immunosuppressive therapy