Q.1 Which of the following is the most effective method for primary cancer prevention?
Chemotherapy
Vaccination against HPV
Radiotherapy
Surgery
Explanation - Primary prevention aims to prevent cancer before it occurs. Vaccination against HPV reduces the risk of cervical and other HPV-related cancers.
Correct answer is: Vaccination against HPV
Q.2 What is the recommended frequency of breast self-examination for adult women?
Once a week
Once a month
Twice a year
Once a year
Explanation - Breast self-examination is recommended monthly to detect any changes early.
Correct answer is: Once a month
Q.3 Which lifestyle modification is most strongly associated with reduced risk of colorectal cancer?
Increased fiber intake
High red meat consumption
Low fluid intake
Sedentary lifestyle
Explanation - A diet rich in fiber helps reduce the risk of colorectal cancer by promoting healthy bowel movements and reducing carcinogen exposure.
Correct answer is: Increased fiber intake
Q.4 Exposure to which of the following is a major preventable cause of lung cancer?
Ultraviolet rays
Asbestos
Tobacco smoke
Alcohol
Explanation - Tobacco smoking is the leading preventable cause of lung cancer worldwide.
Correct answer is: Tobacco smoke
Q.5 Which vaccine helps in the prevention of liver cancer?
Hepatitis B vaccine
HPV vaccine
Influenza vaccine
MMR vaccine
Explanation - Hepatitis B infection can lead to liver cancer. Vaccination against Hepatitis B reduces this risk.
Correct answer is: Hepatitis B vaccine
Q.6 Which of the following habits contributes least to cancer prevention?
Regular exercise
Balanced diet
Avoiding sun exposure entirely
Avoiding tobacco use
Explanation - While excessive sun exposure increases skin cancer risk, moderate sun exposure is necessary for vitamin D synthesis.
Correct answer is: Avoiding sun exposure entirely
Q.7 Which screening test is recommended for early detection of cervical cancer?
Pap smear
Mammography
Colonoscopy
PSA test
Explanation - Pap smear is used to detect precancerous and cancerous changes in cervical cells early.
Correct answer is: Pap smear
Q.8 Obesity increases the risk of which type of cancer?
Skin cancer
Breast cancer
Brain cancer
Leukemia
Explanation - Obesity is linked to hormonal changes that increase the risk of breast and several other cancers.
Correct answer is: Breast cancer
Q.9 Which of the following is considered a secondary prevention measure?
Vaccination
Regular cancer screening
Avoiding tobacco
Healthy diet
Explanation - Secondary prevention aims to detect cancer early through screening, improving treatment outcomes.
Correct answer is: Regular cancer screening
Q.10 Which nutrient has the strongest evidence in reducing cancer risk?
Vitamin C
Beta-carotene
Fiber
Vitamin E
Explanation - Dietary fiber is strongly associated with reduced risk of colorectal and some other cancers.
Correct answer is: Fiber
Q.11 Which of the following cancers can be prevented by HPV vaccination?
Cervical and anal cancers
Lung and liver cancers
Breast and ovarian cancers
Prostate and bladder cancers
Explanation - HPV is linked to cervical, anal, and some head and neck cancers. Vaccination reduces this risk.
Correct answer is: Cervical and anal cancers
Q.12 Which type of sun protection is most effective in reducing skin cancer risk?
Sunscreen SPF 15
Wearing hats and clothing
Sunscreen SPF 30+
Sunglasses only
Explanation - Broad-spectrum sunscreen SPF 30 or higher, along with protective clothing, effectively reduces UV exposure and skin cancer risk.
Correct answer is: Sunscreen SPF 30+
Q.13 Which behavior is considered tertiary cancer prevention?
Chemotherapy to prevent recurrence
Vaccination
Screening tests
Diet modification
Explanation - Tertiary prevention aims to prevent complications and recurrence in patients already diagnosed with cancer.
Correct answer is: Chemotherapy to prevent recurrence
Q.14 Which factor is NOT a modifiable risk factor for cancer?
Smoking
Genetic mutations
Alcohol consumption
Obesity
Explanation - Genetic mutations are non-modifiable, whereas smoking, alcohol, and obesity can be modified to reduce cancer risk.
Correct answer is: Genetic mutations
Q.15 Which of the following foods has protective effects against cancer?
Processed meats
Cruciferous vegetables
Sugary drinks
Fried foods
Explanation - Cruciferous vegetables like broccoli and cabbage contain compounds that help prevent certain cancers.
Correct answer is: Cruciferous vegetables
Q.16 Which cancer is most strongly linked to alcohol consumption?
Lung cancer
Liver cancer
Skin cancer
Prostate cancer
Explanation - Chronic alcohol consumption increases the risk of liver cancer, among others.
Correct answer is: Liver cancer
Q.17 Which preventive measure reduces risk of lung cancer in non-smokers exposed to secondhand smoke?
Avoiding exposure
Vitamin C supplementation
Annual chest X-rays
Regular exercise
Explanation - Avoiding secondhand smoke exposure is the most effective preventive measure for non-smokers.
Correct answer is: Avoiding exposure
Q.18 Which screening is recommended for early detection of colorectal cancer in average-risk adults?
Mammography
Colonoscopy
Pap smear
PSA test
Explanation - Colonoscopy is a primary screening method for colorectal cancer, detecting precancerous polyps and early-stage cancers.
Correct answer is: Colonoscopy
Q.19 Which of the following is the primary goal of health promotion in cancer prevention?
Reduce incidence
Cure cancer
Treat complications
Increase hospitalization
Explanation - Health promotion in cancer prevention focuses on reducing risk factors and preventing cancer occurrence.
Correct answer is: Reduce incidence
Q.20 Which habit is associated with reduced risk of oral cancer?
Avoiding tobacco and alcohol
High-sugar diet
Chewing betel nuts
Frequent sun exposure
Explanation - Tobacco and alcohol are major risk factors for oral cancer; avoiding them reduces risk.
Correct answer is: Avoiding tobacco and alcohol
Q.21 Which factor contributes to skin cancer prevention?
Using tanning beds
Applying sunscreen SPF 30+
Ignoring UV index
Wearing minimal clothing outdoors
Explanation - Using sunscreen and protective clothing reduces UV exposure and skin cancer risk.
Correct answer is: Applying sunscreen SPF 30+
Q.22 Which is the most effective strategy to prevent liver cancer caused by hepatitis infections?
Hepatitis B vaccination
HPV vaccination
Annual liver scans
Avoiding alcohol only
Explanation - Vaccination prevents hepatitis B infection, a major cause of liver cancer.
Correct answer is: Hepatitis B vaccination
Q.23 Regular physical activity helps prevent cancer by:
Reducing inflammation and obesity
Increasing alcohol metabolism
Exposing skin to UV rays
Increasing tobacco tolerance
Explanation - Exercise reduces obesity, inflammation, and hormonal imbalances, lowering cancer risk.
Correct answer is: Reducing inflammation and obesity
Q.24 Which population is most recommended for lung cancer screening using low-dose CT scans?
Non-smokers under 50
Smokers aged 50-80 with 20+ pack-year history
All adults over 30
Children exposed to secondhand smoke
Explanation - High-risk individuals, such as heavy smokers aged 50-80, benefit most from low-dose CT screening.
Correct answer is: Smokers aged 50-80 with 20+ pack-year history
Q.25 Which of the following is a risk factor that cannot be modified but influences cancer prevention strategies?
Age
Smoking
Diet
Obesity
Explanation - Age is non-modifiable; preventive strategies focus on modifiable risk factors but take age into account.
Correct answer is: Age