Q.1 Which of the following is the most common type of cancer in children?
Leukemia
Lymphoma
Brain tumor
Bone cancer
Explanation - Leukemia, particularly acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), is the most common cancer in children, accounting for nearly one-third of pediatric cancers.
Correct answer is: Leukemia
Q.2 What is the primary nursing focus for a child undergoing chemotherapy?
Pain management
Infection prevention
Mobility exercises
Dietary counseling
Explanation - Children receiving chemotherapy are immunocompromised, so infection prevention is a critical nursing responsibility.
Correct answer is: Infection prevention
Q.3 Which sign is most indicative of tumor lysis syndrome in pediatric oncology patients?
Hypokalemia
Hyperuricemia
Hypocalcemia
Hypernatremia
Explanation - Tumor lysis syndrome occurs due to rapid cell breakdown, releasing uric acid, potassium, and phosphate into the blood. Hyperuricemia is a hallmark sign.
Correct answer is: Hyperuricemia
Q.4 What is a common side effect of corticosteroids in children with leukemia?
Hypoglycemia
Mood swings
Weight loss
Bradycardia
Explanation - Corticosteroids can cause mood changes, irritability, and behavioral changes in pediatric patients.
Correct answer is: Mood swings
Q.5 Which nursing intervention is priority for a child with neutropenia?
Administering antibiotics prophylactically
Encouraging vigorous exercise
Limiting fluid intake
Promoting social interactions
Explanation - Neutropenic children are at high risk for infections, so prophylactic antibiotics and strict infection control are crucial.
Correct answer is: Administering antibiotics prophylactically
Q.6 Which symptom requires immediate reporting in a child receiving chemotherapy?
Fatigue
Mild nausea
Fever above 38°C
Hair loss
Explanation - A fever in a child on chemotherapy may indicate a life-threatening infection due to immunosuppression and must be reported immediately.
Correct answer is: Fever above 38°C
Q.7 Which type of leukemia is most common in children under 15?
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)
Explanation - ALL accounts for the majority of childhood leukemia cases, especially in children under 15 years of age.
Correct answer is: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
Q.8 What is the main purpose of using growth factor therapy in pediatric oncology?
Reduce tumor size
Stimulate bone marrow recovery
Prevent nausea
Enhance chemotherapy effectiveness
Explanation - Growth factors, like G-CSF, are used to stimulate bone marrow production and reduce the duration of neutropenia.
Correct answer is: Stimulate bone marrow recovery
Q.9 Which is the most common late effect of pediatric cancer treatment?
Cognitive deficits
Acute infection
Hair loss
Joint pain
Explanation - Cognitive impairments are a common late effect due to chemotherapy or cranial radiation in pediatric cancer survivors.
Correct answer is: Cognitive deficits
Q.10 Which intervention helps reduce chemotherapy-induced nausea in children?
High-fat meals
Anti-emetics
Prolonged fasting
Cold showers
Explanation - Administering anti-emetics prior to chemotherapy can significantly reduce nausea and vomiting in pediatric patients.
Correct answer is: Anti-emetics
Q.11 Which laboratory value is most important to monitor before administering chemotherapy?
Hemoglobin
WBC count
Platelet count
All of the above
Explanation - Monitoring hemoglobin, WBC, and platelet counts is critical to ensure the child can safely receive chemotherapy.
Correct answer is: All of the above
Q.12 Which vaccine should be avoided in children undergoing chemotherapy?
Inactivated influenza vaccine
MMR (live attenuated)
Hepatitis B
Tdap
Explanation - Live attenuated vaccines, like MMR, are contraindicated in immunocompromised children due to risk of infection.
Correct answer is: MMR (live attenuated)
Q.13 Which symptom is most concerning in a child with leukemia?
Mild fatigue
Persistent bruising
Occasional headaches
Intermittent cough
Explanation - Persistent bruising may indicate thrombocytopenia, a critical complication in leukemia that requires prompt attention.
Correct answer is: Persistent bruising
Q.14 Which nursing action supports the psychosocial needs of pediatric oncology patients?
Encourage isolation
Provide age-appropriate play therapy
Restrict parental involvement
Focus only on medical care
Explanation - Play therapy helps children cope with hospitalization, treatment anxiety, and promotes normal development.
Correct answer is: Provide age-appropriate play therapy
Q.15 Which type of tumor is associated with the kidney in children?
Wilms tumor
Retinoblastoma
Neuroblastoma
Hepatoblastoma
Explanation - Wilms tumor is a malignant renal tumor commonly diagnosed in children aged 3–4 years.
Correct answer is: Wilms tumor
Q.16 Which is the priority nursing assessment for a child with thrombocytopenia?
Bleeding
Fever
Vomiting
Dehydration
Explanation - Thrombocytopenia increases the risk of bleeding; monitoring for bruising, petechiae, or hemorrhage is essential.
Correct answer is: Bleeding
Q.17 What is the most common site of metastasis in neuroblastoma?
Bone marrow
Liver
Lung
Brain
Explanation - Neuroblastoma frequently metastasizes to bone and bone marrow, especially in advanced disease.
Correct answer is: Bone marrow
Q.18 Which of the following is a key nursing role in administering intrathecal chemotherapy?
Monitoring for systemic infection
Preventing cerebrospinal fluid leak
Ensuring proper dosing and technique
Providing dietary support
Explanation - Intrathecal chemotherapy must be administered accurately to avoid neurotoxicity or ineffective treatment.
Correct answer is: Ensuring proper dosing and technique
Q.19 Which pediatric cancer has the highest survival rate with modern therapy?
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Neuroblastoma
Medulloblastoma
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Explanation - ALL has a high cure rate of over 85% in children with contemporary chemotherapy protocols.
Correct answer is: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Q.20 Which is a common side effect of radiation therapy in pediatric patients?
Skin irritation
Hyperactivity
Hypoglycemia
Joint stiffness
Explanation - Radiation can cause erythema, dryness, or peeling of the skin at the treated site.
Correct answer is: Skin irritation
Q.21 Which factor most influences the prognosis of pediatric cancers?
Age at diagnosis
Tumor type and stage
Nutritional status
Gender
Explanation - The type of cancer and its stage at diagnosis are the primary determinants of prognosis in pediatric oncology.
Correct answer is: Tumor type and stage
Q.22 Which nursing intervention is important for a child with mucositis from chemotherapy?
Frequent oral hygiene with soft brushes
High-sugar diet
Encourage spicy foods
Limit fluid intake
Explanation - Gentle oral care reduces the risk of infection and alleviates discomfort in children with mucositis.
Correct answer is: Frequent oral hygiene with soft brushes
Q.23 Which medication is commonly used to prevent nausea in pediatric oncology patients?
Ondansetron
Morphine
Prednisone
Amoxicillin
Explanation - Ondansetron is an anti-emetic commonly used to prevent chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.
Correct answer is: Ondansetron
Q.24 Which symptom may indicate relapse in a child treated for leukemia?
Pallor, fatigue, and bruising
Mild cough
Seasonal allergies
Transient headache
Explanation - Return of anemia, thrombocytopenia, and other systemic symptoms may suggest leukemia relapse and require prompt evaluation.
Correct answer is: Pallor, fatigue, and bruising
Q.25 Which nursing action is essential when a pediatric patient is receiving a blood transfusion?
Monitor for signs of reaction
Encourage fasting
Limit movement
Provide daily exercise
Explanation - Children are at risk of transfusion reactions; monitoring vital signs and observing for reactions is critical during transfusion.
Correct answer is: Monitor for signs of reaction