Q.1 Which of the following is the normal heart rate range for a healthy newborn at rest?
60-100 bpm
100-160 bpm
80-120 bpm
120-180 bpm
Explanation - A normal newborn heart rate at rest ranges between 100-160 beats per minute. Rates outside this range may indicate distress or underlying pathology.
Correct answer is: 100-160 bpm
Q.2 What is the recommended method for preventing hypothermia in a newborn immediately after birth?
Cold bath
Skin-to-skin contact
Placing under a fan
Wrapping in wet cloth
Explanation - Skin-to-skin contact with the mother helps maintain the newborn's body temperature and promotes bonding and breastfeeding.
Correct answer is: Skin-to-skin contact
Q.3 Which reflex is tested by stroking the sole of a newborn's foot to elicit toe fanning?
Moro reflex
Babinski reflex
Rooting reflex
Grasp reflex
Explanation - The Babinski reflex is present in newborns and infants and involves fanning of the toes when the sole of the foot is stroked. It usually disappears by 12-24 months.
Correct answer is: Babinski reflex
Q.4 A newborn’s first stool is called:
Meconium
Transitional stool
Breast milk stool
Mucus stool
Explanation - Meconium is the first stool passed by a newborn, composed of intestinal secretions, epithelial cells, and amniotic fluid.
Correct answer is: Meconium
Q.5 Which vitamin is routinely administered to newborns to prevent hemorrhagic disease?
Vitamin A
Vitamin D
Vitamin E
Vitamin K
Explanation - Newborns have low stores of Vitamin K, which is essential for blood clotting. A prophylactic dose prevents Vitamin K Deficiency Bleeding.
Correct answer is: Vitamin K
Q.6 What is the primary reason for placing a newborn under a radiant warmer after birth?
To prevent hypoglycemia
To prevent hypothermia
To prevent jaundice
To promote feeding
Explanation - Newborns are prone to heat loss due to large surface area and limited thermoregulation; radiant warmers help maintain body temperature.
Correct answer is: To prevent hypothermia
Q.7 Which of the following is a sign of respiratory distress in a newborn?
Regular breathing
Nasal flaring
Pink mucous membranes
Quiet sleep
Explanation - Nasal flaring indicates increased work of breathing and is a clinical sign of respiratory distress in newborns.
Correct answer is: Nasal flaring
Q.8 The recommended position for a newborn during feeding is:
Flat on back
Sitting upright unsupported
Semi-upright with support
Prone position
Explanation - Semi-upright positioning during feeding helps prevent aspiration and supports proper swallowing.
Correct answer is: Semi-upright with support
Q.9 Which screening is performed universally in newborns to detect hearing impairment?
OAE (Otoacoustic Emissions) test
MRI scan
Visual acuity test
Blood culture
Explanation - The OAE test is a non-invasive screening for hearing impairment in newborns, allowing early intervention.
Correct answer is: OAE (Otoacoustic Emissions) test
Q.10 What is the purpose of applying erythromycin eye ointment in newborns?
Prevent neonatal conjunctivitis
Improve vision
Prevent cataracts
Treat retinopathy
Explanation - Erythromycin eye ointment is applied to prevent ophthalmia neonatorum caused by bacteria acquired during birth.
Correct answer is: Prevent neonatal conjunctivitis
Q.11 Which of the following is the most common site for intramuscular injection in newborns?
Deltoid muscle
Vastus lateralis
Gluteus maximus
Biceps brachii
Explanation - The vastus lateralis is the preferred site for IM injections in newborns due to its size and minimal risk of nerve injury.
Correct answer is: Vastus lateralis
Q.12 Newborn jaundice appearing within the first 24 hours of life is:
Physiological jaundice
Pathological jaundice
Breast milk jaundice
Transient jaundice
Explanation - Jaundice appearing within 24 hours is considered pathological and may indicate hemolysis, infection, or metabolic disorders.
Correct answer is: Pathological jaundice
Q.13 What is the normal respiratory rate for a full-term newborn at rest?
20-40 breaths/min
30-60 breaths/min
40-80 breaths/min
10-30 breaths/min
Explanation - Normal neonatal respiration is irregular but typically ranges from 30-60 breaths per minute.
Correct answer is: 30-60 breaths/min
Q.14 Which of the following is a sign of dehydration in a newborn?
Moist mucous membranes
Bulging fontanelle
Sunken eyes and fontanelle
Normal urine output
Explanation - Sunken fontanelle and eyes, along with reduced urine output, are signs of dehydration in newborns.
Correct answer is: Sunken eyes and fontanelle
Q.15 The first immunization recommended at birth is:
BCG and Hepatitis B
Polio vaccine
MMR vaccine
DPT vaccine
Explanation - BCG is given to prevent tuberculosis, and Hepatitis B vaccine is administered to prevent perinatal Hepatitis B infection.
Correct answer is: BCG and Hepatitis B
Q.16 Which of the following conditions is characterized by persistent high-pitched crying in a newborn?
Physiological crying
Colic
Hypoglycemia
Jaundice
Explanation - Hypoglycemia in newborns can present with high-pitched, persistent crying, lethargy, or seizures.
Correct answer is: Hypoglycemia
Q.17 Delayed cord clamping in a healthy term newborn is recommended to:
Reduce blood volume
Increase iron stores
Cause polycythemia
Prevent jaundice
Explanation - Delaying cord clamping by 1-3 minutes increases the infant’s iron stores and reduces the risk of anemia.
Correct answer is: Increase iron stores
Q.18 Which of the following is a normal blood sugar range for a term newborn?
20-30 mg/dL
45-90 mg/dL
100-150 mg/dL
60-120 mg/dL
Explanation - A term newborn's blood sugar is considered normal between 45-90 mg/dL. Hypoglycemia is below 45 mg/dL.
Correct answer is: 45-90 mg/dL
Q.19 Which of the following is a major risk factor for neonatal hypothermia?
Overfeeding
Prematurity
Excess clothing
Warm ambient temperature
Explanation - Premature newborns have reduced subcutaneous fat and poor thermoregulation, making them highly susceptible to hypothermia.
Correct answer is: Prematurity
Q.20 What is the Apgar score assessment performed at?
1 and 5 minutes after birth
10 and 20 minutes after birth
At 24 hours
Only at 1 minute
Explanation - Apgar scoring is performed at 1 and 5 minutes after birth to quickly assess the newborn’s overall physical condition.
Correct answer is: 1 and 5 minutes after birth
Q.21 Which of the following is the main component of vernix caseosa?
Keratin and sebum
Melanin
Blood
Collagen
Explanation - Vernix caseosa is a protective coating composed mainly of keratin and sebum, covering the skin of newborns at birth.
Correct answer is: Keratin and sebum
Q.22 Which position should a newborn be placed in during sleep to reduce the risk of SIDS?
Prone
Supine
Side-lying
Face down on pillow
Explanation - Placing the newborn on their back (supine) during sleep significantly reduces the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).
Correct answer is: Supine
Q.23 Which of the following is a common sign of neonatal sepsis?
Lethargy
Increased reflexes
Pink skin color
Vigorous feeding
Explanation - Lethargy, poor feeding, temperature instability, and respiratory distress are common signs of neonatal sepsis.
Correct answer is: Lethargy
Q.24 Which of the following is an early sign of hypoglycemia in a newborn?
Seizures
Lethargy
Jitteriness
Coma
Explanation - Jitteriness is an early sign of neonatal hypoglycemia and should prompt blood sugar assessment and intervention.
Correct answer is: Jitteriness
Q.25 Colostrum is important for newborns because it:
Provides hydration only
Contains antibodies and nutrients
Prevents jaundice
Is high in fat only
Explanation - Colostrum is rich in immunoglobulins and nutrients, providing passive immunity and supporting the newborn’s digestive system.
Correct answer is: Contains antibodies and nutrients