Q.1 Which hormone is primarily responsible for ovulation in females?
FSH
LH
Estrogen
Progesterone
Explanation - Luteinizing Hormone (LH) triggers ovulation by causing the mature ovarian follicle to release an egg.
Correct answer is: LH
Q.2 What is the most common cause of female infertility?
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Endometriosis
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Uterine Fibroids
Explanation - PCOS is the leading cause of female infertility due to hormonal imbalance and anovulation.
Correct answer is: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Q.3 Which of the following tests evaluates ovarian reserve in women?
AMH level
TSH level
Prolactin level
FSH suppression test
Explanation - Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) levels reflect the number of remaining ovarian follicles and ovarian reserve.
Correct answer is: AMH level
Q.4 What is the standard initial test for assessing male infertility?
Semen analysis
Testosterone level
Ultrasound of testes
FSH measurement
Explanation - Semen analysis evaluates sperm count, motility, and morphology, making it the first-line test for male infertility.
Correct answer is: Semen analysis
Q.5 Which surgical procedure is used to treat tubal blockage causing female infertility?
Hysterosalpingography
Laparoscopy with salpingostomy
Endometrial biopsy
Ovarian drilling
Explanation - Laparoscopic salpingostomy opens blocked fallopian tubes to restore fertility.
Correct answer is: Laparoscopy with salpingostomy
Q.6 Which lifestyle factor is most strongly associated with decreased fertility in both sexes?
Alcohol consumption
Caffeine intake
Obesity
Regular exercise
Explanation - Obesity negatively affects hormone levels, ovulation in women, and sperm quality in men, reducing fertility.
Correct answer is: Obesity
Q.7 Which assisted reproductive technology involves combining egg and sperm outside the body?
IUI
IVF
GIFT
ZIFT
Explanation - In vitro fertilization (IVF) involves fertilizing an egg with sperm outside the body before transferring the embryo to the uterus.
Correct answer is: IVF
Q.8 Hyperprolactinemia can lead to infertility by affecting:
Ovarian hormone production
Endometrial receptivity
Sperm motility
Fallopian tube patency
Explanation - Elevated prolactin inhibits GnRH secretion, reducing LH and FSH and leading to anovulation.
Correct answer is: Ovarian hormone production
Q.9 A male patient presents with azoospermia. The first step in management is:
Testicular biopsy
Genetic testing
Semen analysis repeat
Hormonal evaluation
Explanation - Hormonal evaluation helps determine if azoospermia is due to testicular failure or hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction.
Correct answer is: Hormonal evaluation
Q.10 Which condition is characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus and can cause infertility?
Adenomyosis
Endometriosis
Pelvic inflammatory disease
PCOS
Explanation - Endometriosis involves ectopic endometrial tissue that can cause adhesions, impairing fertility.
Correct answer is: Endometriosis
Q.11 Which contraceptive method is considered reversible and most effective for long-term fertility planning?
Copper IUD
Hormonal implant
Condom
Oral contraceptive pill
Explanation - Hormonal implants provide long-term reversible contraception with high effectiveness, easily removed when fertility is desired.
Correct answer is: Hormonal implant
Q.12 Clomiphene citrate is used in infertility treatment to:
Induce ovulation
Suppress estrogen
Improve sperm count
Treat endometriosis
Explanation - Clomiphene citrate stimulates the pituitary to release FSH and LH, promoting ovulation in anovulatory women.
Correct answer is: Induce ovulation
Q.13 Which factor most affects female fertility after age 35?
Ovarian reserve
Uterine size
Prolactin levels
FSH receptor mutation
Explanation - Ovarian reserve declines with age, reducing the number and quality of eggs, which significantly impacts fertility after 35.
Correct answer is: Ovarian reserve
Q.14 Which is a common cause of male infertility related to obstruction?
Varicocele
Vas deferens obstruction
Hypogonadism
Hyperprolactinemia
Explanation - Blockage of the vas deferens prevents sperm from entering the ejaculate, leading to obstructive azoospermia.
Correct answer is: Vas deferens obstruction
Q.15 Which laboratory test evaluates luteal phase defect in women?
Mid-luteal progesterone
FSH on day 3
AMH level
LH surge test
Explanation - Mid-luteal phase progesterone measurement assesses whether the corpus luteum is producing adequate progesterone to support implantation.
Correct answer is: Mid-luteal progesterone
Q.16 IUI (Intrauterine Insemination) is most effective in:
Bilateral tubal blockage
Mild male factor infertility
Severe endometriosis
Premature ovarian failure
Explanation - IUI increases the number of motile sperm reaching the egg and is effective in cases of mild male factor infertility.
Correct answer is: Mild male factor infertility
Q.17 What is the recommended frequency of intercourse for couples trying to conceive?
Once a week
Every day
Every 2–3 days
Once a month
Explanation - Regular intercourse every 2–3 days ensures sperm availability during the fertile window without compromising sperm quality.
Correct answer is: Every 2–3 days
Q.18 Which factor in men is most commonly associated with poor sperm motility?
Varicocele
Obesity
Hypothyroidism
Smoking
Explanation - Smoking negatively affects sperm motility and morphology, leading to reduced fertility.
Correct answer is: Smoking
Q.19 What is a key risk factor for female infertility related to fallopian tubes?
History of pelvic inflammatory disease
Endometrial hyperplasia
Uterine fibroids
PCOS
Explanation - PID can cause tubal scarring or blockage, preventing the egg and sperm from meeting.
Correct answer is: History of pelvic inflammatory disease
Q.20 Which imaging modality is preferred to evaluate uterine anomalies in infertility?
Transvaginal ultrasound
Hysterosalpingography
MRI pelvis
CT scan
Explanation - HSG provides information about uterine cavity and fallopian tube patency, commonly used in infertility workup.
Correct answer is: Hysterosalpingography
Q.21 Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in men leads to infertility due to:
Low GnRH secretion
Blocked vas deferens
Varicocele
Hyperprolactinemia
Explanation - Deficiency of GnRH reduces FSH and LH, impairing spermatogenesis and testosterone production.
Correct answer is: Low GnRH secretion
Q.22 Which of the following infections is most commonly linked to male infertility?
Chlamydia
Influenza
HIV
Hepatitis B
Explanation - Chlamydial infections can cause epididymitis and obstruction, leading to male infertility.
Correct answer is: Chlamydia
Q.23 Which hormone is evaluated to assess ovulation in women?
Progesterone
Testosterone
Prolactin
LH
Explanation - Serum progesterone in the luteal phase indicates if ovulation has occurred.
Correct answer is: Progesterone
Q.24 Which condition is associated with premature ovarian failure and infertility?
Turner syndrome
Klinefelter syndrome
PCOS
Endometriosis
Explanation - Turner syndrome (45,X) leads to ovarian failure at an early age, resulting in infertility.
Correct answer is: Turner syndrome
Q.25 Which factor is most important in male fertility preservation before cancer treatment?
Sperm cryopreservation
Testosterone therapy
Varicocelectomy
Hormone suppression
Explanation - Cryopreserving sperm before chemotherapy or radiation preserves fertility potential.
Correct answer is: Sperm cryopreservation