Q.1 Which of the following is the most common cause of abnormal uterine bleeding in reproductive-aged women?
Endometrial cancer
Uterine fibroids
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
Coagulation disorders
Explanation - Uterine fibroids (leiomyomas) are benign tumors of the uterus and the most common cause of abnormal uterine bleeding in reproductive-aged women.
Correct answer is: Uterine fibroids
Q.2 Which symptom is most indicative of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)?
Fever, lower abdominal pain, and abnormal vaginal discharge
Heavy menstrual bleeding
Painful intercourse only
Breast tenderness
Explanation - PID typically presents with lower abdominal pain, fever, and abnormal vaginal discharge due to infection of the upper reproductive tract.
Correct answer is: Fever, lower abdominal pain, and abnormal vaginal discharge
Q.3 A 28-year-old woman presents with severe dysmenorrhea. Which condition is most likely?
Endometriosis
Uterine prolapse
Cervical cancer
Ovarian cyst
Explanation - Endometriosis is characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus, causing severe menstrual pain (dysmenorrhea).
Correct answer is: Endometriosis
Q.4 Which is a common risk factor for developing cervical cancer?
HPV infection
Low-fat diet
Regular exercise
Early menarche
Explanation - Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, especially types 16 and 18, is the primary risk factor for cervical cancer.
Correct answer is: HPV infection
Q.5 Which gynecological condition is characterized by the presence of functional endometrial tissue outside the uterus?
Endometriosis
Polycystic ovary syndrome
Fibroids
Adenomyosis
Explanation - Endometriosis involves endometrial tissue growing outside the uterus, leading to pelvic pain and infertility.
Correct answer is: Endometriosis
Q.6 Which is the first-line treatment for bacterial vaginosis in women of reproductive age?
Oral metronidazole
Topical estrogen
Oral contraceptives
Antifungal cream
Explanation - Bacterial vaginosis is commonly treated with oral or vaginal metronidazole to target anaerobic bacteria overgrowth.
Correct answer is: Oral metronidazole
Q.7 A woman presents with cyclic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, and infertility. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Endometriosis
Cervical stenosis
Ovarian torsion
Pelvic organ prolapse
Explanation - Endometriosis often presents with cyclic pain during menstruation, dysmenorrhea, and potential infertility.
Correct answer is: Endometriosis
Q.8 Which type of uterine fibroid grows within the uterine wall?
Submucosal
Intramural
Subserosal
Pedunculated
Explanation - Intramural fibroids are located within the muscular wall of the uterus and may cause heavy menstrual bleeding.
Correct answer is: Intramural
Q.9 Which gynecological condition is often associated with infertility and hyperandrogenism?
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
Endometriosis
Uterine prolapse
Cervical polyp
Explanation - PCOS is characterized by ovulatory dysfunction, hyperandrogenism, and often presents with infertility.
Correct answer is: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
Q.10 Which diagnostic test is considered the gold standard for confirming endometriosis?
Laparoscopy
Pelvic ultrasound
MRI
CT scan
Explanation - Laparoscopy allows direct visualization and biopsy of endometrial implants, making it the gold standard for endometriosis diagnosis.
Correct answer is: Laparoscopy
Q.11 Which of the following is a common symptom of ovarian cysts?
Lower abdominal pain, bloating, and menstrual irregularities
Heavy menstrual bleeding only
Urinary incontinence
Breast tenderness only
Explanation - Ovarian cysts often cause pelvic pain, bloating, and may lead to irregular menstrual cycles depending on cyst type.
Correct answer is: Lower abdominal pain, bloating, and menstrual irregularities
Q.12 Which condition is characterized by prolapse of the uterus into the vaginal canal?
Uterine prolapse
Cervical polyp
Endometriosis
Ovarian cyst
Explanation - Uterine prolapse occurs when the uterus descends into the vagina due to weakening of pelvic floor muscles and ligaments.
Correct answer is: Uterine prolapse
Q.13 Which hormone imbalance is commonly seen in women with PCOS?
Elevated androgens
Low estrogen only
High progesterone
Low FSH
Explanation - PCOS is associated with hyperandrogenism, leading to symptoms like hirsutism, acne, and menstrual irregularities.
Correct answer is: Elevated androgens
Q.14 Which gynecological cancer is most strongly linked to HPV infection?
Cervical cancer
Ovarian cancer
Endometrial cancer
Vulvar cancer
Explanation - HPV infection, especially high-risk strains, is the primary risk factor for cervical cancer.
Correct answer is: Cervical cancer
Q.15 A 32-year-old woman presents with vulvar itching, thick white discharge, and cottage-cheese appearance. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Vulvovaginal candidiasis
Bacterial vaginosis
Trichomoniasis
PID
Explanation - Vulvovaginal candidiasis typically presents with pruritus, thick white curd-like discharge, and irritation.
Correct answer is: Vulvovaginal candidiasis
Q.16 Which of the following is a modifiable risk factor for developing endometrial cancer?
Obesity
Family history of BRCA mutation
Early menarche
Advanced age
Explanation - Obesity increases estrogen levels, which is a modifiable risk factor for endometrial cancer.
Correct answer is: Obesity
Q.17 Which condition involves abnormal growth of endometrial tissue into the uterine muscle?
Adenomyosis
Endometriosis
PCOS
Uterine fibroid
Explanation - Adenomyosis occurs when endometrial tissue grows into the myometrium, causing heavy menstrual bleeding and dysmenorrhea.
Correct answer is: Adenomyosis
Q.18 Which gynecological condition commonly presents with intermenstrual spotting?
Cervical polyp
Ovarian cyst
PCOS
Endometriosis
Explanation - Cervical polyps are benign growths on the cervix that often cause intermenstrual or postcoital bleeding.
Correct answer is: Cervical polyp
Q.19 Which sexually transmitted infection is a major risk factor for developing pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)?
Chlamydia trachomatis
Candida albicans
Gardnerella vaginalis
Trichomonas vaginalis
Explanation - Chlamydia infection can ascend to the upper reproductive tract, leading to PID.
Correct answer is: Chlamydia trachomatis
Q.20 Which gynecological condition is most likely if a woman reports cyclic lower abdominal pain, diarrhea, and infertility?
Endometriosis
Uterine prolapse
Ovarian cyst
Vaginitis
Explanation - Endometriosis can involve the intestines, causing gastrointestinal symptoms along with pelvic pain and infertility.
Correct answer is: Endometriosis
Q.21 Which non-invasive imaging technique is commonly used as the first step to detect ovarian cysts?
Pelvic ultrasound
MRI
CT scan
Laparoscopy
Explanation - Pelvic ultrasound is non-invasive, cost-effective, and the first-line imaging technique for evaluating ovarian cysts.
Correct answer is: Pelvic ultrasound
Q.22 Which gynecological disorder may present with pain during menstruation, pain during intercourse, and chronic pelvic pain?
Endometriosis
Ovarian cyst
Cervical polyp
Uterine fibroid
Explanation - Endometriosis often causes dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, and chronic pelvic pain due to ectopic endometrial tissue.
Correct answer is: Endometriosis
Q.23 Which symptom is characteristic of bacterial vaginosis?
Thin, grayish-white vaginal discharge with fishy odor
Thick white cottage-cheese discharge
Yellow-green frothy discharge
Bloody discharge
Explanation - Bacterial vaginosis presents with a characteristic thin grayish-white discharge and a fishy odor due to bacterial overgrowth.
Correct answer is: Thin, grayish-white vaginal discharge with fishy odor
Q.24 Which gynecological condition is associated with painless vaginal bleeding in postmenopausal women?
Endometrial cancer
Cervical polyp
Vaginitis
Ovarian cyst
Explanation - Painless postmenopausal bleeding is a classic sign of endometrial cancer and should prompt immediate evaluation.
Correct answer is: Endometrial cancer