Q.1 Which of the following is a probability sampling method?
Convenience sampling
Snowball sampling
Simple random sampling
Quota sampling
Explanation - Simple random sampling gives each member of the population an equal chance of being selected, which is a probability sampling method.
Correct answer is: Simple random sampling
Q.2 In which sampling method do participants recruit other participants?
Purposive sampling
Snowball sampling
Stratified sampling
Systematic sampling
Explanation - Snowball sampling is used for hard-to-reach populations where initial participants refer others to the study.
Correct answer is: Snowball sampling
Q.3 Which sampling method divides the population into subgroups and then randomly selects from each subgroup?
Simple random sampling
Stratified sampling
Cluster sampling
Convenience sampling
Explanation - Stratified sampling ensures representation from all subgroups of the population by random selection within each subgroup.
Correct answer is: Stratified sampling
Q.4 A nurse researcher selects every 10th patient in the hospital registry. This is an example of:
Systematic sampling
Cluster sampling
Convenience sampling
Purposive sampling
Explanation - Systematic sampling selects participants at regular intervals from a list or sequence, such as every 10th patient.
Correct answer is: Systematic sampling
Q.5 Which sampling method is most prone to selection bias?
Convenience sampling
Simple random sampling
Stratified sampling
Systematic sampling
Explanation - Convenience sampling selects participants who are easiest to access, which increases the risk of selection bias.
Correct answer is: Convenience sampling
Q.6 Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of probability sampling?
Equal chance of selection
Random selection
Representative of population
Selection based on researcher judgment
Explanation - Probability sampling relies on random methods, not researcher judgment, to select participants.
Correct answer is: Selection based on researcher judgment
Q.7 Cluster sampling is particularly useful when:
Population is geographically spread out
Population is homogeneous
Population is small
Randomization is not possible
Explanation - Cluster sampling reduces cost and effort by dividing a geographically spread population into clusters and then sampling clusters randomly.
Correct answer is: Population is geographically spread out
Q.8 Purposive sampling is often used when:
The population is easily accessible
Specific participants with particular characteristics are needed
Random selection is feasible
Large-scale surveys are conducted
Explanation - Purposive sampling selects participants based on specific criteria relevant to the study.
Correct answer is: Specific participants with particular characteristics are needed
Q.9 Which sampling method uses predefined quotas to ensure representation?
Quota sampling
Simple random sampling
Systematic sampling
Snowball sampling
Explanation - Quota sampling ensures the sample represents certain characteristics by setting quotas for subgroups.
Correct answer is: Quota sampling
Q.10 In which method are participants selected based on availability and willingness?
Convenience sampling
Stratified sampling
Systematic sampling
Cluster sampling
Explanation - Convenience sampling selects participants who are easiest to reach or volunteer, which may limit generalizability.
Correct answer is: Convenience sampling
Q.11 Random selection is a key feature of which sampling methods?
Probability sampling
Non-probability sampling
Purposive sampling
Convenience sampling
Explanation - Probability sampling relies on random selection to ensure each member of the population has a known, non-zero chance of being chosen.
Correct answer is: Probability sampling
Q.12 Which sampling method is most suitable for exploratory qualitative research?
Purposive sampling
Simple random sampling
Systematic sampling
Cluster sampling
Explanation - Purposive sampling targets participants who have specific knowledge or experience relevant to the research question, common in qualitative studies.
Correct answer is: Purposive sampling
Q.13 Which method is used when it is important to maintain the proportion of subgroups in the sample?
Stratified sampling
Simple random sampling
Convenience sampling
Snowball sampling
Explanation - Stratified sampling ensures that the sample proportionally represents subgroups of the population, maintaining balance.
Correct answer is: Stratified sampling
Q.14 When conducting research on a rare disease, which sampling method is often used?
Snowball sampling
Simple random sampling
Systematic sampling
Cluster sampling
Explanation - Snowball sampling is effective for rare conditions where participants are difficult to locate, relying on referrals from initial participants.
Correct answer is: Snowball sampling
Q.15 What is a major disadvantage of cluster sampling?
Higher sampling error
Time-consuming
Not feasible for large populations
Cannot be randomized
Explanation - Cluster sampling can increase sampling error because individuals within clusters may be more similar to each other than to the overall population.
Correct answer is: Higher sampling error
Q.16 Which method is most biased in representing the population?
Convenience sampling
Stratified sampling
Simple random sampling
Systematic sampling
Explanation - Convenience sampling may not reflect the overall population due to selection bias from using easily accessible participants.
Correct answer is: Convenience sampling
Q.17 Systematic sampling requires:
A complete list of the population
Geographical clusters
Volunteers only
Purposely chosen participants
Explanation - Systematic sampling selects participants at regular intervals from a complete list of the population, ensuring systematic selection.
Correct answer is: A complete list of the population
Q.18 Which sampling method is particularly cost-effective for large populations?
Cluster sampling
Stratified sampling
Purposive sampling
Convenience sampling
Explanation - Cluster sampling reduces costs by sampling entire clusters rather than individual members across a large population.
Correct answer is: Cluster sampling
Q.19 Quota sampling is an example of which type of sampling?
Non-probability sampling
Probability sampling
Random sampling
Systematic sampling
Explanation - Quota sampling is non-random and based on researcher-set quotas, making it a non-probability sampling method.
Correct answer is: Non-probability sampling
Q.20 Which sampling method ensures maximum variation for qualitative research?
Purposive sampling
Convenience sampling
Cluster sampling
Simple random sampling
Explanation - Purposive sampling allows selection of diverse participants to capture a wide range of perspectives.
Correct answer is: Purposive sampling
Q.21 Which sampling method is ideal when the target population is unknown or hard to reach?
Snowball sampling
Systematic sampling
Stratified sampling
Simple random sampling
Explanation - Snowball sampling uses referrals from initial participants to identify further members of a hard-to-reach population.
Correct answer is: Snowball sampling
Q.22 Which method involves random selection after dividing the population into naturally occurring groups?
Cluster sampling
Stratified sampling
Systematic sampling
Purposive sampling
Explanation - Cluster sampling randomly selects entire groups or clusters rather than individuals, making it efficient for large or spread-out populations.
Correct answer is: Cluster sampling
Q.23 What is a limitation of non-probability sampling methods?
Cannot generalize results to the population
Requires random selection
More time-consuming
Always more expensive
Explanation - Non-probability sampling methods do not use random selection, limiting the ability to generalize findings.
Correct answer is: Cannot generalize results to the population
Q.24 Which sampling method is often used in pilot studies for feasibility testing?
Convenience sampling
Stratified sampling
Simple random sampling
Cluster sampling
Explanation - Convenience sampling allows researchers to quickly select available participants for pilot studies.
Correct answer is: Convenience sampling
Q.25 Which of the following ensures each element of the population has a known and equal chance of selection?
Probability sampling
Non-probability sampling
Purposive sampling
Convenience sampling
Explanation - Probability sampling ensures equal or known chances for each participant, which improves representativeness and reduces bias.
Correct answer is: Probability sampling