Q.1 What is the primary purpose of nursing research?
To improve patient care
To increase hospital profits
To reduce nurse workload
To replace clinical judgment
Explanation - The main goal of nursing research is to generate evidence that improves patient outcomes and enhances healthcare delivery.
Correct answer is: To improve patient care
Q.2 Which of the following best defines evidence-based practice?
Using traditional practices
Combining research evidence, clinical expertise, and patient preferences
Relying only on physician orders
Following hospital policies strictly
Explanation - Evidence-based practice integrates current research, professional expertise, and patient values for best outcomes.
Correct answer is: Combining research evidence, clinical expertise, and patient preferences
Q.3 Which type of research focuses on understanding experiences and meanings?
Quantitative research
Qualitative research
Experimental research
Descriptive statistics
Explanation - Qualitative research explores human experiences, perceptions, and meanings in depth.
Correct answer is: Qualitative research
Q.4 Who is known as the founder of modern nursing research?
Florence Nightingale
Clara Barton
Virginia Henderson
Dorothea Orem
Explanation - Florence Nightingale conducted early nursing research on sanitation and patient outcomes during the Crimean War.
Correct answer is: Florence Nightingale
Q.5 Which of the following is a characteristic of quantitative research?
Focuses on numerical data
Explores lived experiences
Uses thematic analysis
Emphasizes subjective interpretation
Explanation - Quantitative research deals with measurable data, statistics, and numerical outcomes.
Correct answer is: Focuses on numerical data
Q.6 What is the first step in the research process?
Data collection
Problem identification
Data analysis
Conclusion
Explanation - The research process starts with identifying and defining a research problem or question.
Correct answer is: Problem identification
Q.7 Which research design tests cause-and-effect relationships?
Descriptive design
Experimental design
Phenomenological design
Case study
Explanation - Experimental designs involve manipulation of variables to determine causal relationships.
Correct answer is: Experimental design
Q.8 In research, what is a hypothesis?
A proven fact
A statement predicting a relationship
An assumption without evidence
A statistical formula
Explanation - A hypothesis is a testable prediction about the relationship between variables.
Correct answer is: A statement predicting a relationship
Q.9 Which ethical principle ensures participants can choose freely to participate?
Justice
Autonomy
Beneficence
Confidentiality
Explanation - Autonomy means participants have the right to make informed choices about participation.
Correct answer is: Autonomy
Q.10 What does 'literature review' in research involve?
Collecting patient histories
Summarizing previous research
Developing survey questions
Recruiting participants
Explanation - A literature review examines existing studies to provide context for new research.
Correct answer is: Summarizing previous research
Q.11 Which research variable is manipulated by the researcher?
Dependent variable
Independent variable
Extraneous variable
Confounding variable
Explanation - The independent variable is controlled or manipulated to observe its effect on the dependent variable.
Correct answer is: Independent variable
Q.12 Which of the following is a primary source in nursing research?
Systematic review
Research article written by the researcher
Textbook summary
Meta-analysis
Explanation - Primary sources are original works such as research reports written by the investigators.
Correct answer is: Research article written by the researcher
Q.13 What type of sampling gives every participant an equal chance of selection?
Convenience sampling
Random sampling
Purposive sampling
Snowball sampling
Explanation - Random sampling ensures each participant has an equal probability of being chosen, reducing bias.
Correct answer is: Random sampling
Q.14 What is informed consent in research?
Permission given by doctors
Participants’ agreement after being informed of study details
A signed confidentiality clause
Approval by an ethics committee
Explanation - Informed consent ensures participants understand study risks and benefits before agreeing.
Correct answer is: Participants’ agreement after being informed of study details
Q.15 Which type of research is most appropriate for testing new interventions?
Experimental research
Qualitative research
Correlational research
Historical research
Explanation - Experimental research allows testing of interventions by controlling variables and observing outcomes.
Correct answer is: Experimental research
Q.16 Which organization provides ethical guidelines for nursing research?
ICN
WHO
ANA
Red Cross
Explanation - The American Nurses Association (ANA) provides ethical standards for nursing research.
Correct answer is: ANA
Q.17 What is reliability in research?
The accuracy of measurement
Consistency of measurement
Relevance of data
Ethical soundness
Explanation - Reliability refers to the stability and repeatability of research measurements.
Correct answer is: Consistency of measurement
Q.18 Which research approach uses open-ended interviews?
Quantitative
Qualitative
Experimental
Survey
Explanation - Qualitative research often uses interviews to capture participants’ experiences and perspectives.
Correct answer is: Qualitative
Q.19 Which type of variable represents the outcome being measured?
Independent variable
Dependent variable
Control variable
Moderator variable
Explanation - The dependent variable reflects the outcome influenced by the independent variable.
Correct answer is: Dependent variable
Q.20 What is the main role of a research abstract?
Provide detailed results
Summarize the entire study briefly
Explain statistics
Include references
Explanation - An abstract provides a concise summary of the purpose, methods, results, and conclusions.
Correct answer is: Summarize the entire study briefly
Q.21 Which term describes the application of statistics in nursing research?
Data collection
Biostatistics
Sampling
Reliability
Explanation - Biostatistics applies statistical methods to healthcare and nursing research data.
Correct answer is: Biostatistics
Q.22 What does 'peer review' ensure in research?
Fast publication
Accuracy and quality of research
Free access
Ethical approval
Explanation - Peer review validates the quality, accuracy, and credibility of research before publication.
Correct answer is: Accuracy and quality of research
Q.23 Which part of a research report includes study limitations?
Introduction
Methods
Discussion
Results
Explanation - The discussion section analyzes results, limitations, and implications for practice.
Correct answer is: Discussion
Q.24 Which sampling method is most prone to bias?
Random sampling
Stratified sampling
Convenience sampling
Cluster sampling
Explanation - Convenience sampling selects participants who are easily available, increasing bias risk.
Correct answer is: Convenience sampling
Q.25 What is the key difference between basic and applied research?
Applied research seeks practical solutions, basic research seeks new knowledge
Basic research is always experimental
Applied research avoids theory
Basic research does not use statistics
Explanation - Basic research generates new knowledge, while applied research solves practical problems.
Correct answer is: Applied research seeks practical solutions, basic research seeks new knowledge