Q.1 Which part of the eye is responsible for controlling the amount of light entering?
Retina
Cornea
Iris
Lens
Explanation - The iris regulates the amount of light entering the eye by adjusting the size of the pupil.
Correct answer is: Iris
Q.2 What condition is characterized by increased intraocular pressure in the eye?
Cataract
Glaucoma
Macular degeneration
Conjunctivitis
Explanation - Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, often associated with increased intraocular pressure.
Correct answer is: Glaucoma
Q.3 Which part of the ear is responsible for converting sound waves into electrical signals?
Cochlea
Eustachian tube
Auditory canal
Pinna
Explanation - The cochlea in the inner ear contains hair cells that convert sound vibrations into electrical impulses sent to the brain.
Correct answer is: Cochlea
Q.4 A patient complains of sudden loss of vision in one eye with no pain. Which condition is most likely?
Retinal detachment
Cataract
Glaucoma
Conjunctivitis
Explanation - Retinal detachment presents as a sudden, painless loss of vision in one eye and is a medical emergency.
Correct answer is: Retinal detachment
Q.5 Which vitamin deficiency is most commonly associated with night blindness?
Vitamin A
Vitamin B12
Vitamin D
Vitamin K
Explanation - Vitamin A is essential for the production of rhodopsin in the retina; its deficiency leads to night blindness.
Correct answer is: Vitamin A
Q.6 Which type of hearing loss occurs due to damage to the inner ear or auditory nerve?
Conductive
Sensorineural
Mixed
Temporary
Explanation - Sensorineural hearing loss results from damage to the inner ear or auditory nerve, affecting sound transmission to the brain.
Correct answer is: Sensorineural
Q.7 What is the most common cause of conductive hearing loss in children?
Otitis media
Presbycusis
Acoustic neuroma
Meniere’s disease
Explanation - Otitis media, or middle ear infection, often leads to temporary conductive hearing loss in children.
Correct answer is: Otitis media
Q.8 Which disorder involves progressive degeneration of the macula, leading to central vision loss?
Glaucoma
Macular degeneration
Cataract
Diabetic retinopathy
Explanation - Macular degeneration affects the macula in the retina, causing central vision loss while peripheral vision remains intact.
Correct answer is: Macular degeneration
Q.9 What is the main symptom of Meniere’s disease?
Vertigo
Tinnitus
Hearing loss
All of the above
Explanation - Meniere’s disease is characterized by episodes of vertigo, tinnitus (ringing in the ears), and fluctuating hearing loss.
Correct answer is: All of the above
Q.10 Which condition is characterized by clouding of the lens of the eye?
Cataract
Glaucoma
Retinopathy
Conjunctivitis
Explanation - A cataract is the clouding of the lens, leading to blurred vision and potential vision loss if untreated.
Correct answer is: Cataract
Q.11 A patient reports ringing in the ears. This symptom is called:
Vertigo
Tinnitus
Otalgia
Nystagmus
Explanation - Tinnitus refers to the perception of ringing, buzzing, or hissing sounds in the ears without an external source.
Correct answer is: Tinnitus
Q.12 Which test evaluates color vision deficiencies?
Snellen chart
Rinne test
Ishihara plates
Weber test
Explanation - Ishihara plates are used to diagnose color vision deficiencies, particularly red-green color blindness.
Correct answer is: Ishihara plates
Q.13 Presbycusis primarily affects which population?
Children
Young adults
Elderly
Teenagers
Explanation - Presbycusis is age-related hearing loss, commonly affecting elderly individuals due to degeneration of cochlear structures.
Correct answer is: Elderly
Q.14 Which of the following is a complication of untreated otitis media?
Hearing loss
Mastoiditis
Tympanic membrane perforation
All of the above
Explanation - Untreated otitis media can lead to hearing loss, infection of the mastoid bone (mastoiditis), and perforation of the tympanic membrane.
Correct answer is: All of the above
Q.15 Which part of the eye contains photoreceptor cells?
Cornea
Lens
Retina
Sclera
Explanation - The retina contains rods and cones, which are photoreceptor cells that detect light and color.
Correct answer is: Retina
Q.16 Which disease is characterized by the accumulation of fluid in the inner ear leading to vertigo?
Labyrinthitis
Meniere’s disease
Otitis externa
Cholesteatoma
Explanation - Meniere’s disease involves abnormal fluid buildup in the inner ear, causing vertigo, hearing loss, and tinnitus.
Correct answer is: Meniere’s disease
Q.17 A common symptom of retinal detachment is:
Flashes of light
Gradual blurry vision
Itching
Painful eyes
Explanation - Retinal detachment often presents with sudden flashes of light, floaters, and loss of vision, usually without pain.
Correct answer is: Flashes of light
Q.18 Which is the most common type of color blindness?
Red-green
Blue-yellow
Complete color blindness
None of the above
Explanation - Red-green color blindness is the most common form, caused by a genetic defect in the photoreceptors responsible for red or green perception.
Correct answer is: Red-green
Q.19 Which diagnostic test uses tuning forks to evaluate hearing loss?
Audiometry
Rinne and Weber tests
Tympanometry
Otoscopy
Explanation - Rinne and Weber tests use tuning forks to distinguish between conductive and sensorineural hearing loss.
Correct answer is: Rinne and Weber tests
Q.20 Which disorder is commonly associated with prolonged exposure to loud noise?
Otitis media
Noise-induced hearing loss
Meniere’s disease
Labyrinthitis
Explanation - Prolonged exposure to loud noise can damage hair cells in the cochlea, leading to permanent hearing loss.
Correct answer is: Noise-induced hearing loss
Q.21 Which type of cataract is most commonly age-related?
Nuclear
Cortical
Posterior subcapsular
Congenital
Explanation - Nuclear cataracts develop in the central part of the lens and are the most common type associated with aging.
Correct answer is: Nuclear
Q.22 Which part of the ear equalizes air pressure between the middle ear and the atmosphere?
Cochlea
Eustachian tube
Auditory nerve
Pinna
Explanation - The Eustachian tube connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx and helps equalize air pressure.
Correct answer is: Eustachian tube
Q.23 Which eye disorder is commonly associated with diabetes?
Cataract
Diabetic retinopathy
Glaucoma
Macular degeneration
Explanation - Diabetic retinopathy is caused by damage to retinal blood vessels due to high blood sugar levels, leading to vision loss.
Correct answer is: Diabetic retinopathy
Q.24 Which symptom is most characteristic of acute angle-closure glaucoma?
Sudden eye pain and blurred vision
Gradual loss of peripheral vision
Red itchy eyes
Double vision
Explanation - Acute angle-closure glaucoma presents suddenly with severe eye pain, blurred vision, headache, and nausea.
Correct answer is: Sudden eye pain and blurred vision
Q.25 Which nerve transmits visual information from the retina to the brain?
Optic nerve
Oculomotor nerve
Trigeminal nerve
Facial nerve
Explanation - The optic nerve carries visual signals from the retina to the visual cortex in the brain.
Correct answer is: Optic nerve