Q.1 Which of the following is the most common type of cancer worldwide?
Breast cancer
Lung cancer
Colon cancer
Prostate cancer
Explanation - Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, largely due to smoking and environmental exposures.
Correct answer is: Lung cancer
Q.2 A patient receiving chemotherapy develops neutropenia. What is the most important nursing intervention?
Encourage high-fiber diet
Prevent infection
Provide analgesics
Monitor blood glucose
Explanation - Neutropenia increases susceptibility to infections; therefore, infection prevention is critical.
Correct answer is: Prevent infection
Q.3 Which tumor marker is commonly elevated in patients with ovarian cancer?
CA-125
AFP
PSA
CEA
Explanation - CA-125 is a protein often elevated in ovarian cancer, used to monitor treatment response.
Correct answer is: CA-125
Q.4 What is the primary goal of palliative care in oncology?
Cure the cancer
Reduce tumor size
Relieve symptoms and improve quality of life
Enhance immune response
Explanation - Palliative care focuses on symptom relief, psychosocial support, and improving patient comfort, not curing the disease.
Correct answer is: Relieve symptoms and improve quality of life
Q.5 Which of the following is a common side effect of radiation therapy?
Hair loss at the radiation site
Hyperpigmentation of skin all over the body
Weight gain
Excessive urination
Explanation - Radiation therapy can damage hair follicles in the treated area, leading to localized hair loss.
Correct answer is: Hair loss at the radiation site
Q.6 A patient with cancer is prescribed ondansetron. What symptom is this medication intended to manage?
Pain
Nausea and vomiting
Diarrhea
Constipation
Explanation - Ondansetron is an antiemetic commonly used to prevent chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.
Correct answer is: Nausea and vomiting
Q.7 Which type of cancer is strongly associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection?
Cervical cancer
Liver cancer
Lung cancer
Pancreatic cancer
Explanation - HPV infection is a major risk factor for cervical cancer development.
Correct answer is: Cervical cancer
Q.8 What is the most common site for metastasis in breast cancer?
Liver
Lungs
Bone
Brain
Explanation - Breast cancer frequently metastasizes to bones, particularly the spine, ribs, and pelvis.
Correct answer is: Bone
Q.9 Which nursing action is most appropriate when caring for a patient with chemotherapy-induced mucositis?
Encourage abrasive tooth brushing
Provide bland, soft foods
Increase acidic food intake
Use alcohol-based mouthwash
Explanation - Soft, bland foods reduce irritation and pain in the inflamed oral mucosa.
Correct answer is: Provide bland, soft foods
Q.10 A patient receiving cancer treatment is experiencing fatigue. What is an effective nursing strategy?
Encourage complete bed rest
Promote balanced activity and rest periods
Restrict fluid intake
Increase caffeine consumption
Explanation - Balancing rest with light activity helps manage cancer-related fatigue effectively.
Correct answer is: Promote balanced activity and rest periods
Q.11 Which laboratory test is used to monitor renal function in a patient receiving cisplatin?
Serum creatinine
Liver function test
CBC
Serum amylase
Explanation - Cisplatin is nephrotoxic, so monitoring serum creatinine and renal function is crucial.
Correct answer is: Serum creatinine
Q.12 Which symptom is most indicative of superior vena cava syndrome in a cancer patient?
Facial and upper limb swelling
Lower limb edema
Abdominal pain
Jaundice
Explanation - Obstruction of the superior vena cava causes venous congestion in the face, neck, and upper limbs.
Correct answer is: Facial and upper limb swelling
Q.13 Which intervention is appropriate to prevent extravasation of chemotherapy drugs?
Use a large peripheral vein
Administer through a central line
Massage the injection site
Apply heat immediately
Explanation - Central lines reduce the risk of vesicant chemotherapy drugs leaking into surrounding tissues.
Correct answer is: Administer through a central line
Q.14 Which type of cancer is most commonly associated with smoking?
Lung cancer
Leukemia
Thyroid cancer
Ovarian cancer
Explanation - Smoking is the primary risk factor for lung cancer, contributing to the majority of cases.
Correct answer is: Lung cancer
Q.15 Which symptom is characteristic of multiple myeloma?
Bone pain
Shortness of breath
Jaundice
Skin rash
Explanation - Multiple myeloma affects bone marrow, leading to lytic lesions and significant bone pain.
Correct answer is: Bone pain
Q.16 Which nursing intervention helps reduce nausea in a patient undergoing chemotherapy?
Offer small, frequent meals
Encourage large meals
Limit fluids
Administer spicy foods
Explanation - Small, frequent meals are easier to tolerate and help reduce nausea during chemotherapy.
Correct answer is: Offer small, frequent meals
Q.17 Which cancer treatment uses monoclonal antibodies to target tumor cells?
Immunotherapy
Radiation therapy
Surgery
Hormone therapy
Explanation - Monoclonal antibodies are a form of immunotherapy that specifically target cancer cells without affecting normal cells.
Correct answer is: Immunotherapy
Q.18 Which of the following is an early sign of lymphedema after breast cancer surgery?
Swelling of the arm on the affected side
Pain in the chest
Redness of the skin
Shortness of breath
Explanation - Lymphedema results from disruption of lymphatic drainage after surgery, causing arm swelling.
Correct answer is: Swelling of the arm on the affected side
Q.19 Which symptom indicates tumor lysis syndrome in a cancer patient?
Hyperkalemia and hyperuricemia
Hypokalemia and hypocalcemia
Bradycardia
Hyperglycemia
Explanation - Tumor lysis syndrome is caused by rapid breakdown of tumor cells, releasing potassium, uric acid, and phosphate into the bloodstream.
Correct answer is: Hyperkalemia and hyperuricemia
Q.20 Which is a common nursing priority for a patient with thrombocytopenia due to chemotherapy?
Prevent bleeding
Encourage exercise
Administer anticoagulants
Provide high-protein diet
Explanation - Thrombocytopenia increases bleeding risk; nurses should monitor for and prevent bleeding complications.
Correct answer is: Prevent bleeding
Q.21 Which of the following cancers is hormone-dependent and may respond to hormone therapy?
Breast cancer
Lung cancer
Pancreatic cancer
Skin cancer
Explanation - Some breast cancers are estrogen or progesterone receptor-positive and respond to hormone-blocking treatments.
Correct answer is: Breast cancer
Q.22 Which factor is most strongly associated with melanoma development?
Excessive UV exposure
High-fat diet
Smoking
Alcohol consumption
Explanation - Ultraviolet radiation from sunlight or tanning beds is a major risk factor for melanoma.
Correct answer is: Excessive UV exposure
Q.23 Which is the most common symptom of bladder cancer?
Hematuria
Abdominal pain
Fever
Cough
Explanation - Painless hematuria is the most common presenting symptom of bladder cancer.
Correct answer is: Hematuria
Q.24 Which is the priority nursing assessment for a patient receiving a vesicant chemotherapy drug?
Check for extravasation at the injection site
Assess lung sounds
Monitor blood glucose
Check bowel sounds
Explanation - Vesicant drugs can cause severe tissue damage if they leak into surrounding tissue, so monitoring for extravasation is crucial.
Correct answer is: Check for extravasation at the injection site
Q.25 Which lifestyle modification can help reduce the risk of colorectal cancer?
Increase dietary fiber intake
Decrease water intake
Avoid all fruits
Increase red meat consumption
Explanation - High-fiber diets are associated with a lower risk of colorectal cancer.
Correct answer is: Increase dietary fiber intake