Q.1 Which part of the nervous system is primarily responsible for voluntary muscle movements?
Autonomic nervous system
Somatic nervous system
Sympathetic nervous system
Parasympathetic nervous system
Explanation - The somatic nervous system controls voluntary muscle movements, whereas the autonomic system controls involuntary functions.
Correct answer is: Somatic nervous system
Q.2 A patient presents with sudden weakness on one side of the body, facial droop, and slurred speech. What is the most likely condition?
Multiple sclerosis
Stroke
Parkinson's disease
Myasthenia gravis
Explanation - Sudden unilateral weakness, facial droop, and slurred speech are classic signs of a cerebrovascular accident (stroke).
Correct answer is: Stroke
Q.3 Which cranial nerve is responsible for vision?
Optic nerve (CN II)
Olfactory nerve (CN I)
Trigeminal nerve (CN V)
Facial nerve (CN VII)
Explanation - The optic nerve (cranial nerve II) transmits visual information from the retina to the brain.
Correct answer is: Optic nerve (CN II)
Q.4 What is the primary neurotransmitter involved in Parkinson's disease?
Dopamine
Acetylcholine
Serotonin
GABA
Explanation - Parkinson's disease results from the degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra, leading to motor symptoms.
Correct answer is: Dopamine
Q.5 Which of the following is an autoimmune disorder that affects the myelin sheath of the central nervous system?
Multiple sclerosis
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Guillain-Barre syndrome
Huntington's disease
Explanation - Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune condition that damages the myelin sheath in the CNS, causing neurological deficits.
Correct answer is: Multiple sclerosis
Q.6 A sudden, severe headache described as 'the worst headache of my life' is characteristic of which condition?
Migraine
Tension headache
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Cluster headache
Explanation - A sudden, intense headache can indicate a subarachnoid hemorrhage, which is a medical emergency.
Correct answer is: Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Q.7 Which diagnostic test measures electrical activity in the brain?
MRI
EEG
CT scan
Lumbar puncture
Explanation - Electroencephalography (EEG) records electrical activity of the brain, used in seizure evaluation and other disorders.
Correct answer is: EEG
Q.8 Which condition is characterized by progressive memory loss, confusion, and personality changes?
Alzheimer's disease
Parkinson's disease
Multiple sclerosis
Stroke
Explanation - Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder causing gradual cognitive decline, memory loss, and behavioral changes.
Correct answer is: Alzheimer's disease
Q.9 Which neurotransmitter is primarily deficient in Alzheimer's disease?
Dopamine
Acetylcholine
GABA
Glutamate
Explanation - Acetylcholine deficiency in the brain is associated with cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease.
Correct answer is: Acetylcholine
Q.10 A patient has tremors at rest, shuffling gait, and a stooped posture. These are classic symptoms of which disorder?
Parkinson's disease
Huntington's disease
Multiple sclerosis
Stroke
Explanation - Parkinson's disease presents with resting tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, and postural instability.
Correct answer is: Parkinson's disease
Q.11 Which type of seizure involves a sudden loss of consciousness with generalized muscle contractions?
Absence seizure
Tonic-clonic seizure
Myoclonic seizure
Focal seizure
Explanation - Tonic-clonic seizures (formerly called grand mal seizures) involve loss of consciousness and violent muscle contractions.
Correct answer is: Tonic-clonic seizure
Q.12 What is the first-line treatment for bacterial meningitis?
Antiviral therapy
Corticosteroids
Antibiotics
Antifungal therapy
Explanation - Bacterial meningitis requires prompt administration of intravenous antibiotics to prevent severe complications.
Correct answer is: Antibiotics
Q.13 Which part of the brain regulates coordination and balance?
Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Medulla oblongata
Thalamus
Explanation - The cerebellum is responsible for maintaining posture, balance, and coordinating voluntary movements.
Correct answer is: Cerebellum
Q.14 A patient presents with sudden onset of right arm numbness and difficulty speaking. This is most consistent with a lesion in which cerebral hemisphere?
Right hemisphere
Left hemisphere
Cerebellum
Brainstem
Explanation - Motor and language functions are often lateralized; right-sided weakness and speech difficulty suggest a left hemisphere lesion.
Correct answer is: Left hemisphere
Q.15 Which condition involves demyelination of peripheral nerves, often following an infection?
Multiple sclerosis
Guillain-Barre syndrome
Parkinson's disease
Myasthenia gravis
Explanation - Guillain-Barre syndrome is an autoimmune disorder causing acute demyelination of peripheral nerves, often triggered by infection.
Correct answer is: Guillain-Barre syndrome
Q.16 Which cranial nerve controls facial expression?
Trigeminal nerve (CN V)
Facial nerve (CN VII)
Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
Vagus nerve (CN X)
Explanation - The facial nerve controls muscles of facial expression, taste sensation for the anterior 2/3 of the tongue, and some glandular secretions.
Correct answer is: Facial nerve (CN VII)
Q.17 What is the hallmark sign of increased intracranial pressure?
Bradycardia, hypertension, irregular respiration
Fever and rash
Weakness in distal limbs
Memory loss
Explanation - Cushing's triad (bradycardia, hypertension, irregular respirations) is a classic sign of increased intracranial pressure.
Correct answer is: Bradycardia, hypertension, irregular respiration
Q.18 Which diagnostic test involves inserting a needle into the lumbar subarachnoid space to collect cerebrospinal fluid?
EEG
Lumbar puncture
MRI
CT scan
Explanation - A lumbar puncture (spinal tap) collects CSF for analysis to diagnose infections, bleeding, or neurological conditions.
Correct answer is: Lumbar puncture
Q.19 Which type of headache is characterized by severe unilateral pain around the eye and occurs in clusters?
Migraine
Tension headache
Cluster headache
Sinus headache
Explanation - Cluster headaches are excruciating, unilateral headaches often associated with autonomic symptoms like tearing and nasal congestion.
Correct answer is: Cluster headache
Q.20 Which neurological disorder is hereditary and characterized by involuntary jerking movements and cognitive decline?
Huntington's disease
Parkinson's disease
Alzheimer's disease
Multiple sclerosis
Explanation - Huntington's disease is an inherited disorder causing chorea (involuntary movements) and progressive cognitive decline.
Correct answer is: Huntington's disease
Q.21 Which part of the neuron receives signals from other neurons?
Axon
Dendrite
Myelin sheath
Synaptic terminal
Explanation - Dendrites are branched structures of a neuron that receive incoming signals from other neurons.
Correct answer is: Dendrite
Q.22 Which condition is caused by a deficiency of vitamin B12 and can lead to peripheral neuropathy?
Multiple sclerosis
Pernicious anemia
Guillain-Barre syndrome
Myasthenia gravis
Explanation - Vitamin B12 deficiency in pernicious anemia can damage peripheral nerves, causing numbness and tingling in extremities.
Correct answer is: Pernicious anemia
Q.23 Which nerve is affected in carpal tunnel syndrome?
Ulnar nerve
Median nerve
Radial nerve
Sciatic nerve
Explanation - Carpal tunnel syndrome is caused by compression of the median nerve at the wrist, leading to pain, numbness, and tingling in the hand.
Correct answer is: Median nerve
Q.24 Which disorder is characterized by fluctuating muscle weakness that improves with rest?
Multiple sclerosis
Myasthenia gravis
Parkinson's disease
Guillain-Barre syndrome
Explanation - Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder affecting acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction, causing muscle weakness that worsens with activity and improves with rest.
Correct answer is: Myasthenia gravis
Q.25 Which artery, when occluded, is most likely to cause a stroke affecting speech?
Middle cerebral artery
Posterior cerebral artery
Anterior cerebral artery
Basilar artery
Explanation - The middle cerebral artery supplies areas responsible for language (Broca's and Wernicke's areas); its occlusion can lead to speech deficits.
Correct answer is: Middle cerebral artery