Q.1 Which microorganism causes tuberculosis?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Escherichia coli
Staphylococcus aureus
Explanation - Tuberculosis is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which primarily affects the lungs but can affect other organs.
Correct answer is: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Q.2 Which of the following is the primary mode of transmission of hepatitis B?
Airborne droplets
Fecal-oral route
Blood and body fluids
Vector-borne via mosquitoes
Explanation - Hepatitis B virus is transmitted through blood, sexual contact, or other body fluids containing the virus.
Correct answer is: Blood and body fluids
Q.3 Which infection is commonly associated with a 'bull’s-eye' rash?
Lyme disease
Malaria
Measles
Tetanus
Explanation - Lyme disease, caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, often presents with a characteristic erythema migrans rash known as the 'bull’s-eye' rash.
Correct answer is: Lyme disease
Q.4 Which of the following is a viral hemorrhagic fever?
Ebola
Tuberculosis
Cholera
Tetanus
Explanation - Ebola virus disease is a viral hemorrhagic fever that causes severe bleeding, organ failure, and can be fatal.
Correct answer is: Ebola
Q.5 Which bacteria is the most common cause of urinary tract infections?
Escherichia coli
Staphylococcus aureus
Salmonella typhi
Clostridium tetani
Explanation - E. coli is the most frequent cause of urinary tract infections, especially in females, due to its presence in the gastrointestinal tract.
Correct answer is: Escherichia coli
Q.6 Which disease is caused by a protozoan parasite transmitted by the Anopheles mosquito?
Malaria
Dengue
Zika
Chikungunya
Explanation - Malaria is caused by Plasmodium species and transmitted by the female Anopheles mosquito.
Correct answer is: Malaria
Q.7 What is the most effective method to prevent influenza transmission?
Hand hygiene and vaccination
Antibiotics
Wearing gloves only
Avoiding sun exposure
Explanation - Hand hygiene and annual influenza vaccination are the most effective ways to prevent influenza infection and spread.
Correct answer is: Hand hygiene and vaccination
Q.8 Which of the following infections is caused by a fungus?
Candidiasis
Tuberculosis
Measles
Pertussis
Explanation - Candidiasis is a fungal infection caused by Candida species, often affecting the skin, mouth, and genital area.
Correct answer is: Candidiasis
Q.9 Which disease is preventable by the BCG vaccine?
Tuberculosis
Hepatitis B
Influenza
Measles
Explanation - The Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine provides protection against tuberculosis, especially severe forms in children.
Correct answer is: Tuberculosis
Q.10 Which of the following is a symptom of tetanus?
Muscle spasms
Rash
Diarrhea
Cough
Explanation - Tetanus is caused by Clostridium tetani, leading to painful muscle spasms, especially of the jaw and neck muscles.
Correct answer is: Muscle spasms
Q.11 HIV primarily attacks which type of cells?
Red blood cells
CD4+ T lymphocytes
Platelets
Neutrophils
Explanation - HIV targets CD4+ T cells, weakening the immune system and leading to AIDS if untreated.
Correct answer is: CD4+ T lymphocytes
Q.12 Which of the following is a common nosocomial infection?
MRSA infection
Influenza
Measles
Chickenpox
Explanation - Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections are commonly acquired in hospitals and healthcare settings.
Correct answer is: MRSA infection
Q.13 Which of the following is transmitted via the fecal-oral route?
Hepatitis A
HIV
Tuberculosis
Malaria
Explanation - Hepatitis A virus spreads through ingestion of contaminated food or water (fecal-oral route).
Correct answer is: Hepatitis A
Q.14 Which antibiotic is commonly used to treat bacterial meningitis?
Ceftriaxone
Oseltamivir
Acyclovir
Amantadine
Explanation - Ceftriaxone is a broad-spectrum antibiotic often used in the treatment of bacterial meningitis caused by Neisseria meningitidis or Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Correct answer is: Ceftriaxone
Q.15 Which vector transmits dengue fever?
Aedes mosquito
Anopheles mosquito
Culex mosquito
Tsetse fly
Explanation - Dengue fever is transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes.
Correct answer is: Aedes mosquito
Q.16 Which of the following is caused by a spirochete bacterium?
Syphilis
HIV
Malaria
Hepatitis B
Explanation - Syphilis is caused by Treponema pallidum, a spirochete bacterium, and transmitted primarily through sexual contact.
Correct answer is: Syphilis
Q.17 Which of the following infections requires droplet precautions?
Pertussis
HIV
Hepatitis B
Tetanus
Explanation - Pertussis (whooping cough) is transmitted via respiratory droplets, requiring droplet precautions to prevent spread.
Correct answer is: Pertussis
Q.18 Which of the following is a common symptom of influenza?
Fever, body aches, cough
Rash and joint pain
Jaundice
Persistent diarrhea
Explanation - Influenza presents with fever, body aches, cough, sore throat, and fatigue. Rash and jaundice are not typical symptoms.
Correct answer is: Fever, body aches, cough
Q.19 Which of the following infections is caused by Clostridium difficile?
Antibiotic-associated diarrhea
Hepatitis C
Tuberculosis
Malaria
Explanation - C. difficile causes antibiotic-associated diarrhea and colitis due to disruption of normal gut flora.
Correct answer is: Antibiotic-associated diarrhea
Q.20 Which of the following diseases is vaccine-preventable?
Measles
HIV
Malaria
Dengue
Explanation - Measles can be prevented by the MMR vaccine. HIV, malaria, and dengue do not currently have widely used preventive vaccines.
Correct answer is: Measles
Q.21 Which of the following organisms causes cholera?
Vibrio cholerae
Salmonella typhi
Shigella dysenteriae
Escherichia coli
Explanation - Cholera is caused by Vibrio cholerae, leading to severe watery diarrhea and dehydration.
Correct answer is: Vibrio cholerae
Q.22 Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of rabies?
Hydrophobia
Rash
Joint pain
Diarrhea
Explanation - Rabies affects the central nervous system and can cause hydrophobia (fear of water) and neurological symptoms.
Correct answer is: Hydrophobia
Q.23 Which of the following pathogens is responsible for the common cold?
Rhinovirus
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Plasmodium falciparum
Clostridium tetani
Explanation - The common cold is primarily caused by rhinoviruses, which affect the upper respiratory tract.
Correct answer is: Rhinovirus
Q.24 Which of the following is a sexually transmitted infection caused by bacteria?
Gonorrhea
HIV
Hepatitis C
Herpes simplex virus
Explanation - Gonorrhea is a bacterial STI caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae. HIV and Herpes are viral infections.
Correct answer is: Gonorrhea
Q.25 Which of the following is a common fungal skin infection?
Tinea corporis
Chickenpox
Measles
Scabies
Explanation - Tinea corporis (ringworm) is a superficial fungal infection of the skin caused by dermatophytes.
Correct answer is: Tinea corporis