Q.1 Which nutrient is the primary source of energy for the human body?
Protein
Carbohydrates
Fats
Vitamins
Explanation - Carbohydrates are broken down into glucose, which is the main energy source for the body.
Correct answer is: Carbohydrates
Q.2 Which vitamin is essential for calcium absorption in the body?
Vitamin A
Vitamin C
Vitamin D
Vitamin K
Explanation - Vitamin D helps the body absorb calcium, which is crucial for bone health.
Correct answer is: Vitamin D
Q.3 A patient with excessive fluid retention is likely suffering from:
Dehydration
Edema
Anemia
Hypoglycemia
Explanation - Edema is swelling caused by excess fluid accumulation in tissues.
Correct answer is: Edema
Q.4 Which electrolyte is most important for muscle contraction?
Sodium
Potassium
Calcium
Magnesium
Explanation - Calcium plays a key role in muscle contraction and nerve function.
Correct answer is: Calcium
Q.5 Which type of diet is recommended for a patient with high cholesterol?
High-fat diet
Low-fat diet
High-protein diet
High-sugar diet
Explanation - A low-fat diet helps reduce cholesterol levels and promotes heart health.
Correct answer is: Low-fat diet
Q.6 Which fluid imbalance is characterized by excessive water loss?
Hypervolemia
Hypovolemia
Hyponatremia
Edema
Explanation - Hypovolemia occurs when there is a decreased volume of blood plasma due to water loss.
Correct answer is: Hypovolemia
Q.7 Which of the following foods is a good source of protein?
Rice
Chicken
Apple
Butter
Explanation - Chicken is a rich source of high-quality protein essential for tissue repair.
Correct answer is: Chicken
Q.8 Which vitamin deficiency causes scurvy?
Vitamin A
Vitamin B12
Vitamin C
Vitamin D
Explanation - Vitamin C deficiency leads to scurvy, characterized by bleeding gums and poor wound healing.
Correct answer is: Vitamin C
Q.9 Which sign indicates dehydration in a patient?
Edema
Dry mucous membranes
Bradycardia
Jaundice
Explanation - Dry mucous membranes are a common clinical sign of dehydration.
Correct answer is: Dry mucous membranes
Q.10 Which mineral is most important for oxygen transport in the blood?
Iron
Calcium
Magnesium
Potassium
Explanation - Iron is a key component of hemoglobin, which carries oxygen in the blood.
Correct answer is: Iron
Q.11 Which of the following fluids is isotonic?
0.9% saline
0.45% saline
5% dextrose
Pure water
Explanation - 0.9% saline is isotonic, meaning it has the same osmotic pressure as blood.
Correct answer is: 0.9% saline
Q.12 A patient with low serum potassium may experience:
Hypertension
Muscle weakness
Edema
Tachycardia
Explanation - Low potassium (hypokalemia) can cause muscle weakness and cramps.
Correct answer is: Muscle weakness
Q.13 Which nutrient is essential for wound healing?
Carbohydrates
Vitamin C
Vitamin E
Fats
Explanation - Vitamin C is necessary for collagen synthesis and tissue repair, promoting wound healing.
Correct answer is: Vitamin C
Q.14 Which type of fluid loss occurs most commonly with vomiting and diarrhea?
Hypervolemia
Hypovolemia
Edema
Hyponatremia
Explanation - Vomiting and diarrhea lead to significant fluid and electrolyte loss, causing hypovolemia.
Correct answer is: Hypovolemia
Q.15 Which dietary component is essential for the formation of cell membranes?
Proteins
Lipids
Carbohydrates
Vitamins
Explanation - Lipids are a major component of cell membranes and are essential for cellular structure and function.
Correct answer is: Lipids
Q.16 Which of the following is a symptom of hyponatremia?
Confusion
High blood pressure
Muscle rigidity
Excessive thirst
Explanation - Hyponatremia (low sodium) can cause neurological symptoms such as confusion and seizures.
Correct answer is: Confusion
Q.17 Which type of diet is recommended for a patient with renal failure?
High-protein
Low-protein
High-sodium
High-potassium
Explanation - A low-protein diet reduces the burden on kidneys in patients with renal failure.
Correct answer is: Low-protein
Q.18 Which fluid imbalance can result from excessive intravenous saline administration?
Hypovolemia
Hypervolemia
Dehydration
Hypokalemia
Explanation - Excess IV fluids can lead to fluid overload, known as hypervolemia.
Correct answer is: Hypervolemia
Q.19 Which of the following vitamins is fat-soluble?
Vitamin B12
Vitamin C
Vitamin D
Vitamin B6
Explanation - Vitamin D is fat-soluble, stored in the liver and fat tissues, unlike water-soluble vitamins.
Correct answer is: Vitamin D
Q.20 Which condition is characterized by inadequate fluid intake leading to decreased blood volume?
Hypervolemia
Hypovolemia
Edema
Hyponatremia
Explanation - Hypovolemia is the reduction of blood plasma volume due to insufficient fluid intake or excessive loss.
Correct answer is: Hypovolemia
Q.21 Which macronutrient is primarily responsible for tissue repair and growth?
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Fats
Fiber
Explanation - Proteins provide amino acids necessary for the repair and growth of tissues.
Correct answer is: Proteins
Q.22 Which electrolyte imbalance is commonly associated with kidney failure?
Hyperkalemia
Hypokalemia
Hyponatremia
Hypocalcemia
Explanation - Kidney failure reduces potassium excretion, leading to elevated serum potassium (hyperkalemia).
Correct answer is: Hyperkalemia
Q.23 Which nutrient deficiency can lead to night blindness?
Vitamin A
Vitamin C
Iron
Calcium
Explanation - Vitamin A deficiency affects the retina, leading to night blindness.
Correct answer is: Vitamin A
Q.24 Which of the following is a clear fluid suitable for a patient on a fluid-restriction diet?
Orange juice
Broth
Milk
Coffee with cream
Explanation - Clear broths are low in calories and suitable for fluid-controlled diets.
Correct answer is: Broth
Q.25 Which lab test is commonly used to assess hydration status?
Serum sodium
Serum glucose
Serum cholesterol
Serum creatinine
Explanation - Serum sodium levels indicate fluid balance; low or high levels suggest hypo- or hypernatremia.
Correct answer is: Serum sodium