Q.1 Which type of isolation is required for a patient with tuberculosis in the ICU?
Contact isolation
Droplet isolation
Airborne isolation
Protective isolation
Explanation - Tuberculosis is transmitted via airborne particles, so airborne isolation with N95 masks and negative pressure rooms is required.
Correct answer is: Airborne isolation
Q.2 Which of the following is the most effective method to prevent hospital-acquired infections?
Hand hygiene
Using antibiotics prophylactically
Isolating all patients
Disinfecting floors daily
Explanation - Proper hand hygiene is the single most effective method to prevent the spread of infections in healthcare settings.
Correct answer is: Hand hygiene
Q.3 A patient with MRSA infection should ideally be placed under which isolation precaution?
Airborne isolation
Contact isolation
Droplet isolation
Protective isolation
Explanation - MRSA spreads via direct contact, so contact precautions, including gloves and gowns, are necessary.
Correct answer is: Contact isolation
Q.4 Which of the following PPE is essential when caring for a patient with Clostridium difficile?
Surgical mask
Gown and gloves
N95 respirator
Face shield only
Explanation - C. difficile is transmitted via spores on surfaces and hands, so contact precautions with gown and gloves are critical.
Correct answer is: Gown and gloves
Q.5 Negative pressure rooms are primarily used for patients with:
COVID-19
Hepatitis B
MRSA
Clostridium difficile
Explanation - Negative pressure rooms prevent the spread of airborne pathogens like SARS-CoV-2 by containing contaminated air.
Correct answer is: COVID-19
Q.6 What is the recommended isolation for a patient with influenza in the ICU?
Contact isolation
Droplet isolation
Airborne isolation
Protective isolation
Explanation - Influenza is transmitted via large respiratory droplets, so droplet precautions with a surgical mask are recommended.
Correct answer is: Droplet isolation
Q.7 Which cleaning agent is most effective against spore-forming bacteria like C. difficile?
Alcohol-based hand rub
Bleach-based disinfectant
Quaternary ammonium compounds
Soap and water only
Explanation - Spore-forming bacteria like C. difficile require bleach-based disinfectants for environmental cleaning.
Correct answer is: Bleach-based disinfectant
Q.8 Which of the following is true about protective isolation?
It protects staff from patients
It protects immunocompromised patients from infection
It is used for airborne infections
It requires N95 masks only
Explanation - Protective isolation is designed to prevent vulnerable patients from acquiring infections.
Correct answer is: It protects immunocompromised patients from infection
Q.9 A nurse enters the room of a patient in airborne isolation. Which PPE is mandatory?
Surgical mask
N95 respirator
Gloves only
Gown only
Explanation - Airborne precautions require an N95 respirator to filter out infectious airborne particles.
Correct answer is: N95 respirator
Q.10 Which type of infection requires both contact and droplet precautions?
Tuberculosis
COVID-19
MRSA
Norovirus
Explanation - COVID-19 can be transmitted via droplets and contact with contaminated surfaces, requiring both precautions.
Correct answer is: COVID-19
Q.11 Which of the following is the first step in putting on PPE?
Gown
Mask
Hand hygiene
Gloves
Explanation - Hand hygiene must always be performed before donning PPE to prevent contamination.
Correct answer is: Hand hygiene
Q.12 Which ICU patient is at highest risk for hospital-acquired infections?
A patient on mechanical ventilation
A patient recovering from appendectomy
A patient with broken leg
A patient receiving physiotherapy
Explanation - Ventilated patients are at high risk for ventilator-associated pneumonia and other ICU-acquired infections.
Correct answer is: A patient on mechanical ventilation
Q.13 What is the recommended duration for handwashing with soap and water when caring for C. difficile patients?
5 seconds
10 seconds
20 seconds
30 seconds
Explanation - Effective handwashing should last at least 20 seconds, especially when spores are present.
Correct answer is: 20 seconds
Q.14 Which of the following infections requires cohorting patients in ICU?
MRSA
Tuberculosis
Clostridium difficile
Hepatitis C
Explanation - Patients with MRSA can be cohorted in a separate area to prevent spread to non-infected patients.
Correct answer is: MRSA
Q.15 Which of the following is NOT a common source of ICU-acquired infections?
Endotracheal tubes
Central venous catheters
Urinary catheters
Stethoscope covers
Explanation - While stethoscopes can transmit infections, they are less common sources compared to invasive devices like catheters and tubes.
Correct answer is: Stethoscope covers
Q.16 A patient with chickenpox in the ICU requires which isolation?
Droplet isolation
Airborne isolation
Contact isolation
Protective isolation
Explanation - Varicella-zoster virus is transmitted via airborne particles, so airborne isolation is necessary.
Correct answer is: Airborne isolation
Q.17 Which of the following is the correct sequence for removing PPE?
Mask, gloves, gown
Gloves, gown, mask
Gown, gloves, mask
Gloves, mask, gown
Explanation - Removing gloves first, then gown, and finally mask reduces the risk of self-contamination.
Correct answer is: Gloves, gown, mask
Q.18 For a neutropenic ICU patient, which precaution is essential?
Airborne isolation
Protective isolation
Contact isolation
Droplet isolation
Explanation - Immunocompromised patients like neutropenic patients require protective isolation to prevent infections.
Correct answer is: Protective isolation
Q.19 Which of the following vaccines is recommended for healthcare workers to prevent ICU outbreaks?
Influenza vaccine
Hepatitis B vaccine
MMR vaccine
All of the above
Explanation - Healthcare workers should be vaccinated against common infectious diseases to prevent transmission to patients.
Correct answer is: All of the above
Q.20 Which ICU patient is most likely to need droplet precautions?
Patient with meningococcal meningitis
Patient with tuberculosis
Patient with neutropenia
Patient with MRSA
Explanation - Meningococcal infections spread via large droplets, so droplet precautions are required.
Correct answer is: Patient with meningococcal meningitis
Q.21 What is the primary goal of infection control in critical care units?
Reduce length of stay
Prevent hospital-acquired infections
Reduce cost of treatment
Improve patient satisfaction
Explanation - Infection control aims to minimize HAIs, which can lead to complications and increased mortality.
Correct answer is: Prevent hospital-acquired infections
Q.22 Which of the following is true about cohort nursing in infectious disease ICU?
It separates infected patients from non-infected
It mixes all patients together
It is used only for immunocompromised patients
It is not recommended in ICU
Explanation - Cohorting places patients with the same infection together, minimizing the risk to uninfected patients.
Correct answer is: It separates infected patients from non-infected
Q.23 Which of the following measures reduces airborne infection risk in ICU?
High-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters
Alcohol-based hand rub
Routine floor cleaning
Patient repositioning
Explanation - HEPA filters remove airborne pathogens, reducing transmission risk in critical care units.
Correct answer is: High-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters
Q.24 Which of the following is an example of a standard precaution in ICU?
Gloves for all patient contact
Negative pressure room for all patients
Isolation gowns for everyone
No precautions needed
Explanation - Standard precautions, including gloves, are applied to all patients to prevent transmission of infections.
Correct answer is: Gloves for all patient contact