Q.1 Which vaccine is routinely given to newborns to prevent Hepatitis B?
BCG
OPV
Hepatitis B vaccine
DPT
Explanation - The Hepatitis B vaccine is recommended for all newborns to prevent Hepatitis B infection, ideally within 24 hours of birth.
Correct answer is: Hepatitis B vaccine
Q.2 The recommended exclusive breastfeeding duration for infants is:
3 months
6 months
9 months
12 months
Explanation - Exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months provides optimal nutrition and immunity for the infant.
Correct answer is: 6 months
Q.3 Which method is commonly used to assess fetal growth during pregnancy?
Ultrasound
CT Scan
MRI
X-ray
Explanation - Ultrasound is a safe and non-invasive method to monitor fetal growth and development during pregnancy.
Correct answer is: Ultrasound
Q.4 Preeclampsia is primarily characterized by:
Low blood pressure
High blood pressure and proteinuria
High blood sugar
Excessive bleeding
Explanation - Preeclampsia is a pregnancy complication marked by high blood pressure and protein in the urine after 20 weeks of gestation.
Correct answer is: High blood pressure and proteinuria
Q.5 Which nutrient is most critical during pregnancy to prevent neural tube defects?
Vitamin C
Folic acid
Iron
Calcium
Explanation - Folic acid supplementation before conception and during early pregnancy helps prevent neural tube defects in the fetus.
Correct answer is: Folic acid
Q.6 The Apgar score assesses a newborn's:
Heart rate, respiration, muscle tone, reflex response, and color
Weight and length
Gestational age
Blood sugar levels
Explanation - The Apgar score is used to quickly evaluate a newborn's physical condition immediately after birth.
Correct answer is: Heart rate, respiration, muscle tone, reflex response, and color
Q.7 Which contraceptive method provides both pregnancy and STI protection?
Oral contraceptive pill
Condom
Intrauterine device (IUD)
Tubal ligation
Explanation - Condoms are the only contraceptive method that provide dual protection against pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections.
Correct answer is: Condom
Q.8 The WHO recommends the first dose of measles vaccine at what age?
6 months
9 months
12 months
15 months
Explanation - The first dose of the measles-containing vaccine is recommended at 9 months of age to ensure immunity in infancy.
Correct answer is: 9 months
Q.9 Which sign is an early indicator of postpartum hemorrhage?
Excessive sweating
Rapid heart rate and pallor
Mild headache
Nausea
Explanation - Early recognition of postpartum hemorrhage includes signs like tachycardia, pallor, and hypotension, allowing timely intervention.
Correct answer is: Rapid heart rate and pallor
Q.10 Kangaroo Mother Care primarily benefits:
Full-term healthy infants
Low birth weight and preterm infants
Toddlers
Adolescents
Explanation - Kangaroo Mother Care involves skin-to-skin contact, which improves thermoregulation, breastfeeding, and survival of preterm and low birth weight infants.
Correct answer is: Low birth weight and preterm infants
Q.11 Which of the following is a common sign of malnutrition in children?
Rashes
Weight loss and growth retardation
Excessive hair growth
High fever
Explanation - Malnutrition in children often presents with weight loss, stunted growth, and sometimes micronutrient deficiencies.
Correct answer is: Weight loss and growth retardation
Q.12 Rh incompatibility is a concern in pregnancy when the mother is:
Rh positive
Rh negative
Blood type O
Blood type A
Explanation - Rh-negative mothers carrying an Rh-positive fetus may develop antibodies that can cause hemolytic disease of the newborn.
Correct answer is: Rh negative
Q.13 Which micronutrient deficiency is a leading cause of preventable blindness in children?
Vitamin A
Iron
Zinc
Vitamin D
Explanation - Vitamin A deficiency can lead to xerophthalmia and is a leading cause of preventable blindness in children.
Correct answer is: Vitamin A
Q.14 The primary purpose of antenatal care is to:
Treat pregnancy complications only
Promote maternal and fetal health
Plan the baby's education
Provide vaccination only
Explanation - Antenatal care ensures early detection of complications, maternal education, and optimal fetal growth.
Correct answer is: Promote maternal and fetal health
Q.15 Which of the following is the most effective strategy for preventing sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)?
Sleeping on stomach
Sleeping on back
Using soft bedding
Bed-sharing with parents
Explanation - Placing infants on their backs to sleep reduces the risk of SIDS significantly.
Correct answer is: Sleeping on back
Q.16 Which maternal condition increases the risk of gestational diabetes?
Obesity
Underweight
Hypothyroidism
Anemia
Explanation - Obese women are at higher risk for gestational diabetes due to insulin resistance.
Correct answer is: Obesity
Q.17 Which of the following is a recommended iron-rich food for pregnant women?
Citrus fruits
Green leafy vegetables
Butter
White rice
Explanation - Green leafy vegetables provide non-heme iron and are recommended to prevent maternal anemia.
Correct answer is: Green leafy vegetables
Q.18 Which newborn reflex is tested by gently stroking the cheek to elicit head turning?
Moro reflex
Rooting reflex
Grasp reflex
Stepping reflex
Explanation - The rooting reflex helps the newborn locate the breast for feeding and is essential for early feeding.
Correct answer is: Rooting reflex
Q.19 Postpartum depression usually appears within:
First week after delivery
First month after delivery
6 months after delivery
1 year after delivery
Explanation - Postpartum depression typically manifests within the first few weeks to a month after childbirth and requires timely recognition and intervention.
Correct answer is: First month after delivery
Q.20 Which of the following is an early sign of dehydration in infants?
Sunken eyes and dry mouth
Fever
Cough
Sneezing
Explanation - Dehydration in infants presents with sunken eyes, dry mucous membranes, and decreased urine output.
Correct answer is: Sunken eyes and dry mouth
Q.21 Which screening is recommended for all pregnant women to detect gestational diabetes?
Fasting blood sugar
Glucose challenge test
HbA1c
Random blood sugar
Explanation - The glucose challenge test (GCT) is commonly used during 24–28 weeks of gestation to screen for gestational diabetes.
Correct answer is: Glucose challenge test
Q.22 The term 'primigravida' refers to a woman who is:
Pregnant for the first time
Pregnant more than once
Not pregnant
Experienced miscarriage only
Explanation - Primigravida describes a woman who is experiencing her first pregnancy.
Correct answer is: Pregnant for the first time
Q.23 Which is the most common cause of neonatal mortality worldwide?
Congenital anomalies
Preterm birth complications
Accidents
Respiratory infections
Explanation - Preterm birth and its associated complications are the leading cause of neonatal mortality globally.
Correct answer is: Preterm birth complications
Q.24 Which intervention is key in preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV?
Cesarean delivery alone
Antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy
Formula feeding only
Vaccination of the mother
Explanation - Providing antiretroviral therapy to HIV-positive pregnant women significantly reduces the risk of transmitting the virus to the newborn.
Correct answer is: Antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy
Q.25 Which of the following indicates proper attachment during breastfeeding?
Only lips touch the nipple
Mouth covers a large part of the areola
Baby sucks intermittently without swallowing
Chin does not touch the breast
Explanation - Proper attachment involves the baby's mouth covering a large part of the areola, ensuring effective milk transfer and preventing nipple trauma.
Correct answer is: Mouth covers a large part of the areola