Q.1 Which of the following is the primary goal of environmental sanitation?
To improve personal appearance
To prevent disease and promote health
To enhance aesthetic value of the environment
To reduce industrial costs
Explanation - Environmental sanitation focuses on preventing disease and improving public health by controlling environmental factors such as water, waste, and housing.
Correct answer is: To prevent disease and promote health
Q.2 Which disease is most commonly associated with poor sanitation and contaminated water?
Diabetes
Cholera
Hypertension
Asthma
Explanation - Cholera spreads through contaminated water and is strongly linked to poor sanitation conditions.
Correct answer is: Cholera
Q.3 What is the recommended minimum safe distance between a well and a latrine?
5 meters
10 meters
15 meters
30 meters
Explanation - To prevent contamination of drinking water, latrines should be built at least 15 meters away from water sources.
Correct answer is: 15 meters
Q.4 Which of the following is NOT a component of environmental health?
Water supply
Waste management
Vector control
Personal income
Explanation - Environmental health deals with external factors like water, sanitation, and vector control, not personal economic income.
Correct answer is: Personal income
Q.5 Open defecation mainly contributes to the spread of which type of disease?
Respiratory infections
Vector-borne diseases
Water-borne diseases
Genetic disorders
Explanation - Open defecation leads to contamination of water sources, increasing the risk of water-borne diseases such as diarrhea and cholera.
Correct answer is: Water-borne diseases
Q.6 Which international day focuses on sanitation awareness?
World Environment Day
World Water Day
World Toilet Day
World Health Day
Explanation - World Toilet Day (November 19) raises awareness about sanitation and the global sanitation crisis.
Correct answer is: World Toilet Day
Q.7 What is the most effective method of purifying water at the household level?
Sedimentation
Chlorination
Aeration
Filtration only
Explanation - Chlorination is widely used at the household and community level to disinfect water and kill pathogens.
Correct answer is: Chlorination
Q.8 Which of the following is an example of solid waste?
Carbon monoxide
Sewage
Plastic bottles
Dirty water
Explanation - Solid waste refers to discarded solid materials like plastics, metals, and household refuse.
Correct answer is: Plastic bottles
Q.9 Mosquitoes breed most commonly in which type of environment?
Running water
Stagnant water
Dry soil
Burning waste
Explanation - Stagnant water is an ideal breeding site for mosquitoes, leading to diseases such as malaria and dengue.
Correct answer is: Stagnant water
Q.10 Which waste management method reduces waste volume by burning?
Recycling
Landfilling
Incineration
Composting
Explanation - Incineration involves burning solid waste at high temperatures to reduce its volume and sometimes generate energy.
Correct answer is: Incineration
Q.11 Which of the following diseases is transmitted by houseflies?
Tuberculosis
Dysentery
Pneumonia
Chickenpox
Explanation - Houseflies can carry pathogens from feces to food, causing diseases like dysentery and diarrhea.
Correct answer is: Dysentery
Q.12 Safe disposal of biomedical waste is essential to prevent:
Increased fertility rates
Spread of infections
Air pollution only
Improved nutrition
Explanation - Biomedical waste, if not disposed of properly, can transmit infections like hepatitis and HIV.
Correct answer is: Spread of infections
Q.13 Which gas is commonly produced in open dumps and landfills?
Oxygen
Methane
Carbon dioxide
Nitrogen
Explanation - Decomposition of organic waste in landfills releases methane, a potent greenhouse gas.
Correct answer is: Methane
Q.14 Which is the simplest method to make water safe in emergencies?
Freezing
Boiling
Adding sugar
Filtering through cloth
Explanation - Boiling kills most harmful pathogens in water, making it safe to drink during emergencies.
Correct answer is: Boiling
Q.15 Vector control is MOST important in preventing:
Diabetes
Hypertension
Malaria
Obesity
Explanation - Vector control, such as mosquito nets and spraying, helps reduce malaria transmission.
Correct answer is: Malaria
Q.16 Which is an example of biodegradable waste?
Plastic bag
Banana peel
Glass bottle
Aluminum can
Explanation - Biodegradable waste includes organic matter like fruit peels that decompose naturally.
Correct answer is: Banana peel
Q.17 Sanitary latrines are promoted to reduce:
Vector-borne diseases
Soil erosion
Deforestation
Noise pollution
Explanation - Sanitary latrines help prevent contamination of soil and water, reducing disease spread by flies and mosquitoes.
Correct answer is: Vector-borne diseases
Q.18 The WHO recommended minimum daily water requirement per person is:
5 liters
10 liters
20 liters
50 liters
Explanation - WHO recommends at least 20 liters of safe water per person per day for basic needs like drinking and hygiene.
Correct answer is: 20 liters
Q.19 Which insect is a primary vector of dengue fever?
Anopheles mosquito
Aedes mosquito
Culex mosquito
Sandfly
Explanation - Dengue fever is primarily transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes.
Correct answer is: Aedes mosquito
Q.20 Which of the following is the best method of household refuse disposal in rural areas?
Open dumping
Burning
Composting
Throwing into rivers
Explanation - Composting is eco-friendly, reduces waste, and creates organic fertilizer in rural households.
Correct answer is: Composting
Q.21 Excessive noise pollution primarily affects which system of the body?
Digestive system
Nervous system
Respiratory system
Circulatory system
Explanation - Noise pollution causes stress, sleep disturbance, and impacts the nervous system including hearing.
Correct answer is: Nervous system
Q.22 Which of the following is considered hazardous waste?
Banana peel
Broken glass
Used syringe
Paper
Explanation - Used syringes are biomedical waste and can transmit infections if not disposed properly.
Correct answer is: Used syringe
Q.23 Which process is used in sewage treatment to remove organic matter?
Sedimentation
Chlorination
Aerobic digestion
Distillation
Explanation - In sewage treatment, aerobic microorganisms break down organic matter, reducing pollution.
Correct answer is: Aerobic digestion
Q.24 What is the first step in solid waste management?
Collection
Segregation
Transportation
Disposal
Explanation - Segregation of waste at the source into biodegradable, recyclable, and hazardous waste is the first essential step.
Correct answer is: Segregation
Q.25 Which heavy metal is most commonly associated with industrial water pollution?
Calcium
Lead
Magnesium
Sodium
Explanation - Lead contamination from industrial effluents is a serious environmental hazard causing poisoning.
Correct answer is: Lead