Q.1 Which international body is primarily responsible for setting standards for international civil aviation?
International Maritime Organization (IMO)
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA)
World Trade Organization (WTO)
Explanation - ICAO is a specialized agency of the United Nations that sets international standards and regulations for aviation safety, security, efficiency, and environmental protection.
Correct answer is: International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
Q.2 The Chicago Convention of 1944 is significant because it:
Established the International Space Station
Created international rules for air navigation and safety
Regulated the commercial use of satellites
Banned nuclear weapons in space
Explanation - The Chicago Convention laid the foundation for modern international civil aviation and established ICAO.
Correct answer is: Created international rules for air navigation and safety
Q.3 Which of the following treaties governs the activities of states in outer space?
Outer Space Treaty 1967
Montreal Convention 1999
Warsaw Convention 1929
Kyoto Protocol 1997
Explanation - The Outer Space Treaty (1967) establishes principles for the use and exploration of outer space, including that space is free for exploration and not subject to national appropriation.
Correct answer is: Outer Space Treaty 1967
Q.4 Which principle of aviation law ensures that a state has complete sovereignty over the airspace above its territory?
Freedom of Navigation
Sovereignty Principle
Non-Appropriation Principle
Common Heritage Principle
Explanation - The sovereignty principle in aviation law recognizes that a state has full control over the airspace above its territory and can regulate flights accordingly.
Correct answer is: Sovereignty Principle
Q.5 Which of the following treaties governs liability for damage caused by space objects on Earth?
Space Liability Convention 1972
Outer Space Treaty 1967
Moon Agreement 1979
Warsaw Convention 1929
Explanation - The Liability Convention (1972) specifies that states are liable for damages caused by their space objects on the Earth or to aircraft in flight.
Correct answer is: Space Liability Convention 1972
Q.6 Which of the following is NOT a recognized type of airspace in international aviation?
Controlled Airspace
Uncontrolled Airspace
Outer Airspace
Restricted Airspace
Explanation - While controlled, uncontrolled, and restricted airspaces are recognized, 'outer airspace' is not a formal classification in aviation law.
Correct answer is: Outer Airspace
Q.7 The ‘Montreal Convention 1999’ primarily deals with:
Liability of airlines for passenger injury, death, and baggage loss
Regulation of satellite communications
Nuclear safety in aviation
Commercial space mining rights
Explanation - The Montreal Convention updates and standardizes airline liability rules for international air travel, replacing earlier Warsaw Convention provisions.
Correct answer is: Liability of airlines for passenger injury, death, and baggage loss
Q.8 Which international law principle prevents any country from claiming sovereignty over celestial bodies like the Moon?
Freedom of Use Principle
Non-Appropriation Principle
Sovereignty Principle
Territorial Claim Principle
Explanation - The Non-Appropriation Principle, from the Outer Space Treaty, forbids national appropriation of celestial bodies by claim, use, or occupation.
Correct answer is: Non-Appropriation Principle
Q.9 Which body regulates international air carrier liability for accidents?
ICAO
IATA
UNESCO
WHO
Explanation - ICAO sets the standards for airline liability for accidents and injuries, although enforcement is through national courts.
Correct answer is: ICAO
Q.10 In aviation law, 'aircraft nationality' refers to:
The nationality of the passengers on board
The country in which the aircraft is registered
The country where the pilot was trained
The country of manufacture
Explanation - An aircraft’s nationality is determined by its registration, and it must follow the aviation laws of that country.
Correct answer is: The country in which the aircraft is registered
Q.11 Which agreement regulates the use of radio frequencies for satellites to avoid interference?
Chicago Convention
International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Radio Regulations
Outer Space Treaty
Liability Convention
Explanation - The ITU coordinates global radio-frequency spectrum use and satellite orbits to prevent harmful interference.
Correct answer is: International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Radio Regulations
Q.12 Which concept in space law ensures that space activities must benefit all countries?
Freedom of Use Principle
Benefit to All Mankind Principle
Sovereignty Principle
Liability Principle
Explanation - Outer Space Treaty emphasizes that space exploration should benefit all countries, irrespective of their technological advancement.
Correct answer is: Benefit to All Mankind Principle
Q.13 The Warsaw Convention 1929 relates to:
Passenger and baggage liability in international air travel
Environmental protection in aviation
Commercial space operations
Air traffic control regulations
Explanation - The Warsaw Convention set international rules for airline liability concerning injury, death, or baggage loss.
Correct answer is: Passenger and baggage liability in international air travel
Q.14 Which law governs the safety standards for rockets and spacecraft launched by private companies?
National Space Legislation
Montreal Convention
Warsaw Convention
Chicago Convention
Explanation - Private space operators must follow their country’s national space laws, which implement international treaties and regulate launches, liability, and licensing.
Correct answer is: National Space Legislation
Q.15 The Moon Agreement of 1979 aims to:
Regulate commercial use of Moon resources
Ban all lunar exploration
Authorize national sovereignty over the Moon
Regulate air traffic in low Earth orbit
Explanation - The Moon Agreement promotes that lunar resources are the common heritage of mankind and aims to regulate their use, though few states have ratified it.
Correct answer is: Regulate commercial use of Moon resources
Q.16 Which of the following is a key principle in aviation law related to aircraft accidents?
Absolute liability of airlines
Strict liability of airline operators
Negligence-based liability
Shared liability between passengers and airlines
Explanation - International conventions like the Warsaw and Montreal Conventions impose strict liability on airlines for passenger injury and damage.
Correct answer is: Strict liability of airline operators
Q.17 Which of the following treaties promotes international cooperation in the peaceful exploration of outer space?
Outer Space Treaty
Liability Convention
Montreal Convention
Warsaw Convention
Explanation - The Outer Space Treaty encourages peaceful use of outer space and international cooperation in exploration.
Correct answer is: Outer Space Treaty
Q.18 Which of the following is true about space objects launched into orbit?
They are considered sovereign property of the launching state
They remain under the jurisdiction and control of the launching state
They automatically fall under international jurisdiction
They belong to the UN
Explanation - Under the Outer Space Treaty, space objects remain under the jurisdiction and control of the state that launched them.
Correct answer is: They remain under the jurisdiction and control of the launching state
Q.19 What is the primary purpose of air traffic control (ATC) regulations?
To maximize airline profits
To ensure safe and efficient aircraft operations
To regulate airline ticket pricing
To enforce international treaties on outer space
Explanation - ATC regulations ensure that aircraft operate safely and efficiently in controlled and uncontrolled airspace.
Correct answer is: To ensure safe and efficient aircraft operations
Q.20 Which of the following is governed by both aviation and international law?
Overflight rights of foreign aircraft
Mining rights on Mars
Registration of satellites
Commercial airline mergers
Explanation - Airspace sovereignty and overflight rights are regulated by international aviation law agreements, balancing state sovereignty and international traffic.
Correct answer is: Overflight rights of foreign aircraft
Q.21 Who is responsible for investigating civil aviation accidents internationally?
ICAO directly conducts investigations
National aviation authorities in the state of occurrence
United Nations Security Council
IATA
Explanation - National authorities investigate accidents, following ICAO standards and recommended practices to ensure uniformity.
Correct answer is: National aviation authorities in the state of occurrence
Q.22 The 'right of innocent passage' in air law allows:
Military aircraft to fly over any country
Civil aircraft to overfly foreign territories with permission
Aircraft to land in any airport without permission
Satellite launch from any country
Explanation - Civil aircraft must obtain permission for overflight and landing rights, respecting the sovereignty of the state they cross.
Correct answer is: Civil aircraft to overfly foreign territories with permission
Q.23 Which of the following is a key environmental concern regulated under aviation law?
Noise pollution from aircraft
Deforestation
Ocean acidification
Mining activities on the Moon
Explanation - ICAO sets standards to minimize aircraft noise and emissions to reduce environmental impact.
Correct answer is: Noise pollution from aircraft
Q.24 The principle that space exploration must be conducted for peaceful purposes is found in:
Outer Space Treaty
Montreal Convention
Warsaw Convention
Liability Convention
Explanation - The Outer Space Treaty explicitly mandates that all outer space activities are for peaceful purposes and prohibits military use of celestial bodies.
Correct answer is: Outer Space Treaty
Q.25 Which of the following is a requirement for the registration of spacecraft internationally?
Registration with the United Nations
Registration with ICAO
Registration with IATA
Registration with WTO
Explanation - States are required to register space objects with the UN, providing information about ownership, purpose, and orbit.
Correct answer is: Registration with the United Nations