Q.1 Which international body primarily addresses legal frameworks for AI and robotics?
UN
FIFA
WHO
OECD
Explanation - The United Nations has been actively discussing international frameworks for AI and robotics law, focusing on safety, ethics, and human rights.
Correct answer is: UN
Q.2 What is the primary concern of AI liability laws?
Who develops the AI
Who is responsible for AI actions
The programming language used
The AI’s brand
Explanation - AI liability laws focus on assigning responsibility when AI systems cause harm or damage.
Correct answer is: Who is responsible for AI actions
Q.3 Which term refers to robots making autonomous decisions with legal consequences?
Autonomous agency
Cognitive computing
Robotic liability
Algorithmic governance
Explanation - Autonomous agency describes AI or robotic systems capable of acting independently, sometimes requiring legal frameworks to determine responsibility.
Correct answer is: Autonomous agency
Q.4 The European Union AI Act primarily focuses on:
Taxing AI products
Classifying AI risk levels
Promoting AI in sports
Banning all robots
Explanation - The EU AI Act establishes legal requirements based on risk categories to ensure AI safety and accountability.
Correct answer is: Classifying AI risk levels
Q.5 Which of the following is a challenge unique to AI and robotics law?
Determining programming languages
Defining legal personhood for AI
Patenting AI hardware
Hiring programmers
Explanation - A key challenge is whether AI systems should have a form of legal recognition to attribute rights or responsibilities.
Correct answer is: Defining legal personhood for AI
Q.6 In AI law, 'black box' problem refers to:
A robot wearing a black casing
An AI whose decision process is not transparent
Illegal AI software
AI developed in secret labs
Explanation - The 'black box' problem highlights difficulties in explaining AI decisions, impacting liability and trust.
Correct answer is: An AI whose decision process is not transparent
Q.7 Which legal principle applies if a self-driving car causes an accident?
Strict liability
Maritime law
Contract law
Copyright law
Explanation - Strict liability can apply to autonomous systems, holding the manufacturer or operator responsible for harm caused regardless of intent.
Correct answer is: Strict liability
Q.8 Which law concept ensures AI respects human rights?
Algorithmic fairness
AI copyright
Robot taxation
Smart contract law
Explanation - Algorithmic fairness aims to prevent AI from discriminating or violating fundamental human rights.
Correct answer is: Algorithmic fairness
Q.9 The term 'robot ethics' in law is also called:
RoboLaw
Roboethics
Cyberlaw
AI patenting
Explanation - Roboethics refers to ethical principles guiding AI and robotic behaviors, influencing legal frameworks.
Correct answer is: Roboethics
Q.10 Who is legally accountable when an AI makes a biased hiring decision?
AI developer
The AI itself
The candidate
HR manager
Explanation - Liability typically falls on the developers or deploying organization if AI discriminates, under anti-discrimination laws.
Correct answer is: AI developer
Q.11 Which international law principle could regulate autonomous weapons?
International humanitarian law
Maritime law
Labor law
Tax law
Explanation - Autonomous weapons are governed under international humanitarian law to ensure compliance with rules of war and human rights.
Correct answer is: International humanitarian law
Q.12 In AI law, a 'kill switch' refers to:
A weapon
An emergency shutdown mechanism
AI training method
A legal clause in contracts
Explanation - A 'kill switch' allows humans to shut down AI systems in emergencies to prevent harm or uncontrolled behavior.
Correct answer is: An emergency shutdown mechanism
Q.13 Which of these is a key concern in AI data governance?
Data privacy and consent
Server location
AI speed
Type of sensors used
Explanation - Legal frameworks require AI systems to respect data privacy, consent, and security to comply with laws like GDPR.
Correct answer is: Data privacy and consent
Q.14 AI-generated works and copyright law raise questions about:
Who owns the creation
The AI’s programming language
Robot mobility
Patent duration
Explanation - Determining ownership of AI-generated content is complex because traditional copyright assumes human authorship.
Correct answer is: Who owns the creation
Q.15 Which of the following is a proposed solution for AI accountability?
Mandatory AI audits
AI branding
Faster processors
Hiring more programmers
Explanation - Regular auditing of AI algorithms and decision-making processes helps ensure compliance and accountability.
Correct answer is: Mandatory AI audits
Q.16 Under EU AI regulation, high-risk AI systems must:
Undergo conformity assessments
Be free of charge
Be banned
Operate only in laboratories
Explanation - High-risk AI systems are subject to strict evaluations before deployment to ensure safety and legal compliance.
Correct answer is: Undergo conformity assessments
Q.17 The concept of 'moral crumple zone' refers to:
Human blame for AI errors
AI crash safety design
Robot durability
Algorithm optimization
Explanation - Humans in control of AI systems are often unfairly blamed for mistakes caused by autonomous systems, termed the 'moral crumple zone'.
Correct answer is: Human blame for AI errors
Q.18 Which legal field is most relevant for autonomous vehicles?
Transport law
Maritime law
Patent law
Labor law
Explanation - Autonomous vehicles are primarily regulated under transport law, which addresses safety, liability, and operational standards.
Correct answer is: Transport law
Q.19 AI transparency laws require companies to:
Explain AI decisions to affected individuals
Only disclose source code
Register robots with the government
Use open-source AI only
Explanation - Transparency laws aim to make AI decision-making understandable, especially when impacting human rights or financial outcomes.
Correct answer is: Explain AI decisions to affected individuals
Q.20 Which concept addresses bias in AI systems?
Algorithmic accountability
Robot mobility
Patent filing
AI energy consumption
Explanation - Algorithmic accountability ensures AI systems are monitored and corrected to prevent discrimination or unfair treatment.
Correct answer is: Algorithmic accountability
Q.21 Which law is relevant when AI processes personal data of EU citizens?
GDPR
DMCA
FIFA regulations
Patent Act
Explanation - The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) protects EU citizens’ data privacy and applies to AI systems processing personal data.
Correct answer is: GDPR
Q.22 AI in healthcare raises legal concerns primarily about:
Patient safety and liability
AI brand reputation
Programming language
Sensor quality
Explanation - Healthcare AI must comply with regulations to ensure safe treatment and assign responsibility for errors.
Correct answer is: Patient safety and liability
Q.23 Which type of liability applies if AI makes an unintentional error?
Strict liability
Contract liability
Criminal liability
Tort liability
Explanation - Tort liability can hold parties responsible for negligence or harm caused by AI, even if unintentional.
Correct answer is: Tort liability
Q.24 Robot patents are important to protect:
Innovations in AI and robotics hardware
AI moral values
AI training data
User privacy
Explanation - Patents secure intellectual property rights for creators of AI and robotic technologies, encouraging innovation.
Correct answer is: Innovations in AI and robotics hardware
Q.25 What is the main goal of AI ethics guidelines in law?
Ensure responsible and fair AI use
Increase AI speed
Promote AI for marketing
Reduce AI hardware costs
Explanation - Ethics guidelines aim to guide development and deployment of AI in ways that respect human rights and prevent harm.
Correct answer is: Ensure responsible and fair AI use
Q.26 Which international body has been actively discussing AI regulation and ethical standards?
United Nations
World Health Organization
International Monetary Fund
World Trade Organization
Explanation - The UN has established expert groups and initiatives to discuss AI ethics, governance, and international standards.
Correct answer is: United Nations
Q.27 In AI law, the term 'algorithmic accountability' refers to:
The financial cost of AI systems
Legal responsibility for decisions made by AI
Programming AI faster
AI’s impact on the environment
Explanation - Algorithmic accountability ensures that organizations or developers can be held responsible for decisions made by automated systems.
Correct answer is: Legal responsibility for decisions made by AI
Q.28 Which of the following is a major challenge in regulating autonomous robots?
Robot energy efficiency
Assigning legal liability for robot actions
Robot color and design
AI programming language
Explanation - Determining who is responsible when a robot causes harm is a key legal challenge, whether it’s the manufacturer, programmer, or user.
Correct answer is: Assigning legal liability for robot actions
Q.29 Under most current legal frameworks, can an AI system hold copyright ownership?
Yes, always
No, AI cannot hold copyright
Only in Europe
Yes, if programmed in a certain language
Explanation - Current intellectual property laws recognize only human authors for copyright; AI-generated content ownership is typically assigned to the human or organization controlling the AI.
Correct answer is: No, AI cannot hold copyright
Q.30 Which law concept is crucial in preventing bias in AI decision-making?
Transparency
Speed optimization
Patent registration
Trademark compliance
Explanation - Transparency in AI algorithms and data sets helps ensure fairness and accountability, reducing risks of biased outcomes.
Correct answer is: Transparency
Q.31 The GDPR in the EU affects AI because it governs:
Personal data protection
AI hardware standards
Robotics patents
AI programming syntax
Explanation - The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) sets rules on how personal data is collected and used, which directly impacts AI systems that process personal information.
Correct answer is: Personal data protection
Q.32 In AI law, a 'black box' problem refers to:
AI systems whose decision-making process is not understandable
Unlabeled robotics equipment
Unpatented AI software
Robots without manuals
Explanation - The 'black box' issue arises when AI makes decisions without transparent or explainable reasoning, complicating accountability.
Correct answer is: AI systems whose decision-making process is not understandable
Q.33 Which of these is a legal concern in autonomous vehicle operation?
Fuel type
Road paint color
Liability in accidents
Number of wheels
Explanation - Autonomous vehicles raise questions about who is responsible in a crash: the manufacturer, software provider, or vehicle owner.
Correct answer is: Liability in accidents
Q.34 AI systems used in hiring practices must comply with laws preventing:
Discrimination
Salary negotiations
Office dress codes
Working hours tracking
Explanation - Anti-discrimination laws require AI hiring tools to avoid bias against race, gender, age, or other protected categories.
Correct answer is: Discrimination
Q.35 Which international principle promotes ethical AI development?
Human-centric AI
AI maximization
Robot independence
Algorithm secrecy
Explanation - Human-centric AI focuses on developing systems that respect human rights, values, and safety.
Correct answer is: Human-centric AI
Q.36 Which legal field often intersects with AI in healthcare?
Medical malpractice law
Maritime law
Patent law only
Tax law
Explanation - AI in healthcare raises issues of liability, negligence, and patient rights if AI errors cause harm.
Correct answer is: Medical malpractice law
Q.37 The term 'robot rights' refers to:
Legal consideration for AI entities
Workers’ compensation for programmers
Patent rights for robots
International trade law
Explanation - Some theorists and lawmakers discuss potential rights or legal status for highly autonomous AI, though it is not widely recognized.
Correct answer is: Legal consideration for AI entities
Q.38 Which is a key focus of AI governance frameworks?
Ethics, accountability, transparency
Programming language choice
Robot speed limits
Cloud computing cost
Explanation - AI governance frameworks ensure responsible AI deployment by emphasizing ethical use, clear accountability, and transparency.
Correct answer is: Ethics, accountability, transparency
Q.39 AI liability laws are often needed because:
AI can act unpredictably
AI consumes electricity
AI requires programming skills
AI can be patented
Explanation - Autonomous AI systems may behave in unexpected ways, raising legal questions about responsibility and compensation.
Correct answer is: AI can act unpredictably
Q.40 Which is a legal issue in AI facial recognition?
Privacy violations
Software color scheme
Robot material strength
Database size only
Explanation - AI facial recognition can infringe on personal privacy, leading to regulatory restrictions and legal challenges.
Correct answer is: Privacy violations
Q.41 The 'AI Ethics Guidelines' by the EU emphasize:
Human agency, privacy, fairness
Robot speed limits
Programming syntax rules
Open source only
Explanation - EU guidelines focus on making AI human-centered, protecting privacy, and ensuring fairness in automated systems.
Correct answer is: Human agency, privacy, fairness
Q.42 Which type of insurance may become important due to AI deployment?
Cyber and liability insurance
Travel insurance
Health insurance
Life insurance
Explanation - AI risks, such as data breaches or system errors, create the need for specialized insurance covering liability and cyber risks.
Correct answer is: Cyber and liability insurance
Q.43 Which law is critical when AI makes financial investment decisions?
Securities law
Traffic law
Environmental law
Criminal law
Explanation - AI systems managing financial portfolios must comply with securities regulations to prevent fraud and market manipulation.
Correct answer is: Securities law
Q.44 AI in military applications raises legal concerns under:
International humanitarian law
Trademark law
Employment law
Tax law
Explanation - The use of autonomous weapons must comply with laws of war, including principles of proportionality and distinction.
Correct answer is: International humanitarian law
Q.45 Which of the following is a risk addressed by AI safety regulations?
Autonomous decision errors
AI’s favorite color
Robot physical height
Algorithm name length
Explanation - Safety regulations aim to prevent harm caused by unintended actions of AI systems.
Correct answer is: Autonomous decision errors
Q.46 AI-generated inventions currently fall under which legal category?
Patent law
Copyright law
Trademark law
Criminal law
Explanation - Patents can be applied to inventions generated by AI, but ownership is typically granted to humans or entities controlling the AI.
Correct answer is: Patent law
Q.47 The concept of 'explainable AI' is important in law because:
It helps determine accountability for AI decisions
It reduces electricity consumption
It increases AI speed
It enhances AI aesthetics
Explanation - Explainable AI provides transparency so humans can understand and challenge AI decisions, which is crucial for legal accountability.
Correct answer is: It helps determine accountability for AI decisions
Q.48 Which of the following is a challenge in regulating AI across countries?
Varying national laws and standards
AI’s color
Robot height
Programming language syntax
Explanation - Different countries have diverse AI laws, making international harmonization difficult.
Correct answer is: Varying national laws and standards
Q.49 AI liability in healthcare can involve:
Doctors, AI developers, and hospitals
Only the AI itself
Patients exclusively
Medical equipment suppliers only
Explanation - Legal responsibility may fall on multiple parties if an AI system causes medical harm.
Correct answer is: Doctors, AI developers, and hospitals
Q.50 Which international framework addresses ethical AI principles?
OECD AI Principles
Paris Climate Agreement
TRIPS Agreement
UN Convention on the Law of the Sea
Explanation - The OECD developed AI Principles promoting transparency, accountability, fairness, and human rights in AI systems.
Correct answer is: OECD AI Principles