Q.1 What is the primary aim of tort law?
To punish criminals
To provide compensation for harm
To enforce contracts
To regulate trade
Explanation - Tort law is primarily concerned with compensating victims for harm or loss caused by another’s wrongful conduct, rather than punishing offenders.
Correct answer is: To provide compensation for harm
Q.2 Which of the following is an intentional tort?
Negligence
Battery
Strict liability
Nuisance
Explanation - Battery involves intentional harmful or offensive contact with another person.
Correct answer is: Battery
Q.3 In tort law, what does 'duty of care' mean?
A promise in a contract
An obligation to act responsibly to avoid harm
A rule of criminal law
A family responsibility
Explanation - Duty of care refers to a legal obligation requiring individuals to avoid acts or omissions likely to cause harm to others.
Correct answer is: An obligation to act responsibly to avoid harm
Q.4 Which case established the modern concept of negligence?
Rylands v Fletcher
Donoghue v Stevenson
Caparo v Dickman
Miller v Jackson
Explanation - Donoghue v Stevenson (1932) introduced the 'neighbour principle' forming the basis of modern negligence law.
Correct answer is: Donoghue v Stevenson
Q.5 What is the key difference between tort law and criminal law?
Criminal law involves compensation; tort law involves punishment
Tort law compensates victims; criminal law punishes offenders
They are the same
Both punish wrongdoers
Explanation - Tort law is civil and seeks compensation, while criminal law is public and aims at punishment.
Correct answer is: Tort law compensates victims; criminal law punishes offenders
Q.6 Which of the following is an example of a nuisance in tort law?
Stealing a car
Loud music disturbing neighbors
Breaking a contract
Assaulting someone
Explanation - Nuisance involves unlawful interference with the use or enjoyment of land, such as excessive noise.
Correct answer is: Loud music disturbing neighbors
Q.7 What type of damages aim to punish the defendant?
Compensatory damages
Nominal damages
Punitive damages
Liquidated damages
Explanation - Punitive damages are awarded to punish the wrongdoer and deter similar conduct, beyond mere compensation.
Correct answer is: Punitive damages
Q.8 Which of the following is NOT a defense to negligence?
Contributory negligence
Volenti non fit injuria
Self-defense
Inevitable accident
Explanation - Self-defense applies in intentional torts, not negligence claims.
Correct answer is: Self-defense
Q.9 Strict liability in tort means:
Liability regardless of fault
Liability only when negligent
Liability only when intentional
Liability requires a contract
Explanation - Strict liability imposes responsibility even without proof of negligence or intent.
Correct answer is: Liability regardless of fault
Q.10 Which tort is concerned with false statements harming reputation?
Assault
Defamation
Battery
Trespass
Explanation - Defamation protects individuals from false statements that damage their reputation.
Correct answer is: Defamation
Q.11 Libel and slander are types of which tort?
Nuisance
Defamation
Negligence
Trespass
Explanation - Libel (written) and slander (spoken) are categories of defamation.
Correct answer is: Defamation
Q.12 In 'Rylands v Fletcher', what was the central legal principle?
Negligence
Strict liability
Duty of care
Defamation
Explanation - Rylands v Fletcher established liability for hazardous things escaping from land even without negligence.
Correct answer is: Strict liability
Q.13 Which of the following is an example of trespass to land?
Breaking into someone’s house
Spreading rumors
Running a noisy factory
Failing to act carefully
Explanation - Trespass to land involves unlawful entry onto another’s property without consent.
Correct answer is: Breaking into someone’s house
Q.14 What must a claimant prove in negligence?
Duty, breach, causation, damage
Intent, act, harm
Offer, acceptance, consideration
Mens rea, actus reus
Explanation - Negligence requires showing that a duty of care was breached, causing damage.
Correct answer is: Duty, breach, causation, damage
Q.15 Volenti non fit injuria means:
The wrongdoer pays twice
Consent negates liability
Harm must always be compensated
The state bears liability
Explanation - This defense states that if a person consents to a risk, they cannot later claim damages for it.
Correct answer is: Consent negates liability
Q.16 Which tort protects against being unlawfully restrained?
Battery
False imprisonment
Nuisance
Defamation
Explanation - False imprisonment occurs when someone is unlawfully restricted in movement without legal justification.
Correct answer is: False imprisonment
Q.17 Which is an example of economic tort?
Passing off
Trespass
Battery
Defamation
Explanation - Passing off protects businesses from misrepresentation that damages goodwill.
Correct answer is: Passing off
Q.18 Nominal damages are awarded when:
The harm is serious
The harm is trivial but rights are violated
The harm is intentional
The harm is unquantifiable
Explanation - Nominal damages recognize a legal wrong occurred even if no substantial harm was caused.
Correct answer is: The harm is trivial but rights are violated
Q.19 What is remoteness of damage in negligence?
Damage that cannot be proven
Damage too far removed to be compensated
Damage caused by intent
Damage only in contract
Explanation - The principle limits liability to damage that was reasonably foreseeable.
Correct answer is: Damage too far removed to be compensated
Q.20 Which tort involves interference with possession of goods?
Conversion
Nuisance
Negligence
Defamation
Explanation - Conversion is wrongful interference with another’s personal property.
Correct answer is: Conversion
Q.21 Which of the following best defines negligence?
Failure to act as a reasonable person would
Making false statements
Entering property without permission
Intentionally harming someone
Explanation - Negligence is based on a standard of reasonable care and failing to meet it.
Correct answer is: Failure to act as a reasonable person would
Q.22 Which defense can be used if a plaintiff partly caused their own harm?
Contributory negligence
Volenti non fit injuria
Duress
Inevitable accident
Explanation - Contributory negligence reduces damages if the plaintiff contributed to the harm.
Correct answer is: Contributory negligence
Q.23 The 'reasonable person' test is applied in:
Negligence cases
Strict liability
Defamation
Trespass
Explanation - The standard compares conduct to that of a hypothetical reasonable person in negligence.
Correct answer is: Negligence cases
Q.24 Which of these is a form of trespass to the person?
Battery
Nuisance
Defamation
Conversion
Explanation - Trespass to the person includes assault, battery, and false imprisonment.
Correct answer is: Battery
Q.25 What does the 'eggshell skull' rule mean?
Victims must be strong to claim damages
Defendants take victims as they find them
Only physical injuries are compensable
Psychological harm is excluded
Explanation - The rule means a defendant is liable for the full extent of a victim’s injury even if unusually severe.
Correct answer is: Defendants take victims as they find them