Q.1 Which of the following is the primary role of the police in a democratic society?
To create laws
To enforce laws and maintain public order
To judge legal cases
To draft government policies
Explanation - The police are responsible for enforcing laws, preventing crime, and maintaining public order, but they do not make laws or pass judgments.
Correct answer is: To enforce laws and maintain public order
Q.2 The principle of 'civilian control of the military' means:
The military controls government decisions
Military leaders are elected by civilians
Civilian authorities supervise and direct the armed forces
Civilians serve as soldiers in peacetime
Explanation - In democratic societies, civilian leaders (like the president or parliament) control the military to prevent misuse of power and ensure accountability.
Correct answer is: Civilian authorities supervise and direct the armed forces
Q.3 Which law governs the use of force by police officers?
Criminal Procedure Code
International Humanitarian Law
Police Act and related national statutes
Civil Rights Act
Explanation - The Police Act and similar laws in each country define the duties, powers, and limits of police use of force.
Correct answer is: Police Act and related national statutes
Q.4 What is the primary purpose of national defense law?
To establish police stations
To regulate the armed forces and protect national security
To draft economic policies
To create local governments
Explanation - National defense law governs the organization, duties, and powers of the military to ensure the security of the state.
Correct answer is: To regulate the armed forces and protect national security
Q.5 The concept of 'use of minimum force' in policing implies:
Using maximum force at all times
Using only the force necessary to achieve lawful objectives
Avoiding any enforcement of law
Delegating force to civilians
Explanation - Police are required to use the least amount of force necessary to perform their duties, in line with human rights and legal limits.
Correct answer is: Using only the force necessary to achieve lawful objectives
Q.6 Which international agreement regulates conduct during armed conflicts?
Geneva Conventions
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
UN Charter on Trade
Hague Tax Convention
Explanation - The Geneva Conventions set standards for humanitarian treatment during armed conflict, including protection of civilians and prisoners of war.
Correct answer is: Geneva Conventions
Q.7 Which body typically investigates police misconduct?
Parliament
Internal Affairs Division or Police Oversight Committee
Supreme Court
Public Library
Explanation - Police misconduct is generally investigated internally by specialized units or independent oversight bodies to ensure accountability.
Correct answer is: Internal Affairs Division or Police Oversight Committee
Q.8 Martial law is usually declared when:
There is a local festival
There is a threat to public order or national security
A new police station is opened
Parliament is in session
Explanation - Martial law temporarily places the military in control of public administration to deal with emergencies threatening security.
Correct answer is: There is a threat to public order or national security
Q.9 Which of the following is a fundamental duty of police in democratic societies?
Overthrowing governments
Maintaining law and order impartially
Creating laws
Commanding the military
Explanation - Police are expected to enforce laws fairly and maintain public safety without favoritism or abuse of power.
Correct answer is: Maintaining law and order impartially
Q.10 The principle of 'proportionality' in the use of force by police means:
Using unlimited force to stop any crime
Matching the level of force to the threat posed
Ignoring minor offenses
Using force only against property
Explanation - Proportionality ensures that police do not use excessive force beyond what is necessary to control a situation or apprehend suspects.
Correct answer is: Matching the level of force to the threat posed
Q.11 Which of the following is a common feature of defense laws?
Regulation of police uniforms
Organization, training, and deployment of armed forces
Setting traffic rules
Organizing local elections
Explanation - Defense laws govern military structure, recruitment, training, and operational procedures to ensure national security.
Correct answer is: Organization, training, and deployment of armed forces
Q.12 Which of the following powers do police officers have?
To make laws
To arrest suspects and conduct investigations
To pass court judgments
To levy taxes
Explanation - Police have the legal authority to arrest individuals suspected of breaking the law and to investigate crimes under statutory regulations.
Correct answer is: To arrest suspects and conduct investigations
Q.13 What is the main purpose of intelligence agencies in national defense?
To entertain the public
To collect, analyze, and disseminate information for national security
To legislate laws
To manage local police stations
Explanation - Intelligence agencies gather information about potential threats and provide strategic insights to protect national security.
Correct answer is: To collect, analyze, and disseminate information for national security
Q.14 Which legal doctrine restricts arbitrary detention by police?
Habeas Corpus
Doctrine of Lapse
Doctrine of Precedent
Sovereign Immunity
Explanation - Habeas Corpus protects individuals from unlawful detention by allowing courts to review the legality of their imprisonment.
Correct answer is: Habeas Corpus
Q.15 Which act typically regulates the functioning of the armed forces in a country?
Police Act
Defense or Armed Forces Act
Criminal Procedure Code
Civil Rights Act
Explanation - Defense laws define the structure, duties, discipline, and powers of the military to ensure proper governance and national defense.
Correct answer is: Defense or Armed Forces Act
Q.16 The term 'chain of command' in police or military means:
A sequence of hierarchical authority
A communication protocol with civilians
A type of weapon used by forces
A law enforcement procedure for evidence collection
Explanation - Chain of command defines the line of authority and responsibility, ensuring order and accountability within police or military structures.
Correct answer is: A sequence of hierarchical authority
Q.17 Which of the following is a key principle of national defense?
Ensuring justice in courts
Protecting sovereignty and territorial integrity
Managing local police stations
Drafting civil laws
Explanation - National defense focuses on safeguarding a country's borders, sovereignty, and overall security from external threats.
Correct answer is: Protecting sovereignty and territorial integrity
Q.18 A primary legal limitation on police powers is:
Police cannot patrol streets
Police cannot act beyond the law and must respect citizens’ rights
Police can impose taxes
Police can make treaties
Explanation - Police powers are constrained by statutory laws, constitutions, and human rights protections to prevent abuse.
Correct answer is: Police cannot act beyond the law and must respect citizens’ rights
Q.19 Which of the following is a defense measure against cyber threats?
Police raids on markets
Cybersecurity protocols and defense laws
Traffic regulation
Military parades
Explanation - National defense now includes cyber defense, governed by legal frameworks and technical measures to protect critical infrastructure.
Correct answer is: Cybersecurity protocols and defense laws
Q.20 The 'right to appeal' against police action ensures:
Police decisions are final
Citizens can challenge unlawful actions in courts
Police can ignore court orders
Police can detain without reason
Explanation - Citizens can approach courts if they believe police have acted unlawfully, ensuring accountability and protection of rights.
Correct answer is: Citizens can challenge unlawful actions in courts
Q.21 Which body is responsible for drafting defense policies in most countries?
Ministry of Defense or Department of Defense
Supreme Court
Local police station
Ministry of Education
Explanation - Defense ministries create policies for military strategy, force deployment, and national security planning.
Correct answer is: Ministry of Defense or Department of Defense
Q.22 Police accountability in democracies is usually ensured through:
Military oversight
Legal statutes, independent commissions, and public scrutiny
Secret orders
International treaties only
Explanation - Democratic systems ensure police accountability through laws, oversight bodies, and transparency mechanisms.
Correct answer is: Legal statutes, independent commissions, and public scrutiny
Q.23 Which concept allows armed forces to act during emergencies but under civilian authority?
Judicial activism
Emergency powers
Martial law without oversight
Habeas Corpus suspension
Explanation - Emergency powers permit military involvement in internal security but remain subject to civilian control and legal frameworks.
Correct answer is: Emergency powers
Q.24 The term 'internal security' refers to:
Defense against foreign invasion only
Maintaining law, order, and protection from domestic threats
Training of soldiers
International diplomacy
Explanation - Internal security focuses on preventing internal conflicts, terrorism, riots, and ensuring public safety within the country.
Correct answer is: Maintaining law, order, and protection from domestic threats
Q.25 Which of the following is an example of non-lethal force used by police?
Firearms
Tasers, batons, and pepper spray
Explosives
Missiles
Explanation - Non-lethal weapons are intended to subdue or control suspects without causing death, following proportionality principles.
Correct answer is: Tasers, batons, and pepper spray